defArray = new Array();

defArray[0]="Rule which states that the top of a FLUE must be at least two feet higher than any roof part within ten feet.";
defArray[1]="A rule for safe placement of a ladder.  The 4/1 RULE states that for every four feet of working ladder length, the base of the ladder should be one foot out from the top support point.";
defArray[2]="The abbreviation for Alternating Current.  The type of electrical current provided to most homes.";
defArray[3]="A means of approach to a structure or a part there of such as a road, street, pathway, or corridor.";
defArray[4]="A type of plastic used in PB pipe.";
defArray[5]="Material, other than water, CEMENT, AGGREGATE, or fiber reinforcement, used as an ingredient in a batch of CONCRETE or MORTAR. Among the most common ADMIXTURES are those that improve PLASTICITY, retard or advance HYDRATION, or add color.";
defArray[6]="Sand, gravel, or a combination of both.  The use and size of gravel varies depending on whether the product is CONCRETE (sand plus gravel larger than 1/4 inch), GROUT (sand plus gravel 1/4 inch or smaller), MORTAR or PLASTER (sand only).";
defArray[7]="A piping arrangement in which a drain from a fixture discharges through the atmosphere into a receptacle.  This arrangement prevents the creation of a syphon.";
defArray[8]="A coil configured to remove heat from REFRIGERANT GAS.";
defArray[9]="FLUE which may consist of double or triple pipes in which heated gases rising out of the inner FLUE creates a draft that pulls cool air through the outer pipe(s).";
defArray[10]="A type of ADMIXTURE. This is actually a detergent which produces small, evenly spaced bubbles in CONCRETE.  It makes the CONCRETE more PLASTIC or workable and more frost resistent.";
defArray[11]="A type of DRYWALL MUD containing adhesive chemicals that holds the DRYWALL tape in place and helps the mud adhere to the DRYWALL face.";
defArray[12]="Chemical that is created when aluminum is exposed to the atmosphere. ALUMINUM OXIDE is an insulator, and when it builds up on aluminum power wire, it can create heat, which can loosen the connection and cause arcing and even fire.";
defArray[13]="Units used to measure the size of wire.  The smaller the wire the larger the GUAGE number. An 18 GAUGE wire is a very thin wire used for a doorbell and a 2 GAUGE is a large feeder wire.  Wires larger than 2 GAUGE are measured in AUGHTS.  Wire larger than four AUGHT are measured in micro-circular-mills or MCM.";
defArray[14]="A roll of wallpaper that contains about 36 SQUARE FEET.";
defArray[15]="Bolt used to connect the FOUNDATION to the inside of the framing above it.  The ANCHOR BOLTS are placed in the FOUNDATION while the CONCRETE is still wet, then after the CONCRETE CURES, the FOUNDATION SILL PLATE is attached to the ANCHOR BOLTS.";
defArray[16]="L-shaped metal piece commonly used as a LINTEL.";
defArray[17]="Acronym for American National Standards Institute.";
defArray[18]="Compound applied onto aluminum wires to prevent ALUMINUM OXIDE from forming.";
defArray[19]="Device which stirs water in a hot water heater to prevent the stratification of hotter water at the top and cooler water at the bottom.";
defArray[20]="PLASTICIZER used in the TORCH-DOWN type of MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF SYSTEMS.";
defArray[21]="Finish piece directly under the window STOOL.  Used to cover the rough edge of the wall finish and whatever gap may be present.";
defArray[22]="Person trained and licensed to design and create PLANS and specifications for buildings.  He or she may also ensure that the construction is done in accordance with the PLANS.";
defArray[23]="Used around basement windows to hold back the soil.  Usually constructed of galvanized, ribbed steel, concrete or masonry.";
defArray[24]="Cable with a flexible metal covering that is often used with appliances.";
defArray[25]="Type of drawer in which the drawer face is attached to the front of a self-contained drawer box.  See INTEGRAL DRAWER.";
defArray[26]="Tool which includes a screw-shaped shaft that digs a hole when turned.";
defArray[27]="AMERICAN STANDARD GAUGE unit of measure for wire sizes that are larger than two GAUGE.  See AMERICAN STANDARD GAUGE.";
defArray[28]="Window unit that opens by moving the bottom of the WINDOW SASH outward.  The top of the WINDOW SASH is attached with hinges.";
defArray[29]="A board not part of the original framing that is placed in a wall or joist system to provide backing for the attachment of DRYWALL, SHEATHING, or an intersecting wall.";
defArray[30]="Framing member installed at a non-layout position so that other framing members can be securely attached later in the construction process.";
defArray[31]="One of three layers of material typically found in vinyl floor covering.  The BACKING LAYER is the bottom layer.  See PATTERN LAYER, WEAR LAYER and PERIMETER BACKING.";
defArray[32]="Part that fits on the wall behind the countertop and is designed to protect the wall from countertop and sink splashes.  The BACKSPLASH is often made from the same materials as the countertop.  See FULL BACKSPLASH and BLOCK BACKSPLASH.";
defArray[33]="A deflector used to stop the transmission of a material such as sound, light or a liquid. A non-combustible baffle should be placed around a recessed light fixture to prevent heat produced by the light from being trapped by insulation where it can build up and cause a fire.";
defArray[34]="Application of special enamel paint onto a non-porous surface by baking it onto a surface, usually metal.";
defArray[35]="Smooth AGGREGATE placed on the surface of the roof to weigh down the roofing.  Also protects the roof materials from ultraviolet light.";
defArray[36]="One of a series of vertical posts which are placed at regular intervals along the length a BALUSTRADE.  BALUSTERS are typically similar in pattern to the NEWEL POST but are much smaller in diameter or thickness. BALUSTERS are attached to a TOP RAIL and to a BOTTOM RAIL or directly to a stair tread or floor.   See BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[37]="Railing system found on stairs or along open areas between floors.  Most BALUSTRADES contain NEWEL POSTS, BALUSTERS, and TOP RAILS.  Some balustrades contain BOTTOM RAILS.  See NEWEL POST, BALUSTER, TOP RAIL, BOTTOM RAIL, BREAD LOAF TOP RAIL, FILLER, VOLUTE, GOOSE NECK, ONE-QUARTER TURN, ROSETTE, SKIRT, STAIR BRACKET, FALSE TREAD AND RISER.";
defArray[38]="Piece of lumber to which the ends of the JOISTS are nailed or screwed.  A BAND JOIST is critical to the strength of the FLOOR SYSTEM because it holds the regular joist ends in their vertical position.";
defArray[39]="Square or rectangular piece that is placed between the bottom of the CASING and the floor.  Also called plinth block.  See CORNER BLOCK.";
defArray[40]="First coat of any FINISH substance on a surface, such as the first coat of SYNTHETIC STUCCO applied on the STUCCO SHEATHING over a wire or glass fiber mesh.";
defArray[41]="Molding which covers the corner between the floor and wall.";
defArray[42]="First layer of MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE roof system.  Installed by rolling strips of special BASE SHEET style ROLL ROOFING over the ROOF DECK and nailing the BASE SHEET to the ROOF DECK.  Once the BASE SHEET is in place hot tar is mopped over it.";
defArray[43]="Molding placed at the corner between the BASE MOLDING and floor.  Usually used when a wood finish floor is installed.";
defArray[44]="See BASE MOLDING.";
defArray[45]="Insulation made from matted fibers which may be left unfaced or may be faced on one or both sides with KRAFT PAPER, foil, or vinyl.";
defArray[46]="STANDING SEAM roof in which the panels are raised up and fastened together and then a BATTEN strip is placed over the seam to form a water-tight seal.";
defArray[47]="Window unit(s) installed in an area that projects out from the wall.  The exterior wall typically forms a 45 degree angle on each end of the BAY WINDOW area.";
defArray[48]="Notch or opening at the top of a BEARING WALL or supporting column which secures and bears the weight of a beam.";
defArray[49]="Location or point on a member where it is supported by another member.  Typically, a TRUSS has two BEARING POINTS, one at each EXTERIOR WALL.";
defArray[50]="Any wall that supports a load above it, such as a ROOF SYSTEM or a FLOOR SYSTEM.  A BEARING WALL is a STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[51]="Style of carpet with a distinctive, short looped pile.  See WOOL CARPET, NYLON CARPET, INDOOR-OUTDOOR CARPET, SCULPTURED CARPET, and SHAG CARPET.";
defArray[52]="Cut at a non-right angle to the main surface, forming a sloping surface.";
defArray[53]="Door with two slabs that are connected to each other with hinges.  When closed the slab ends butt against each other.  When opened the slabs fold onto each other. A track at the top of the BIFOLD DOOR holds the slabs in position.";
defArray[54]="Material used to fill the space under the first COURSE of tile at the EAVE line to prevent birds from nesting in the roofing.";
defArray[55]="Joint between two boards made by using a BISCUIT SAW to notch out the ends of the joined boards.  A premanufactured BISCUIT fits into the slots made by the BISCUIT SAW.  The glued BISCUIT swells as the glue soaks in, forming a very tight fit when the joint dries.";
defArray[56]="A special saw used to cut a notch in boards that will be joined with a BISCUIT JOINT.";
defArray[57]="Utility grade SHINGLES with SAPWOOD, flat grain, and large knots.  Commonly used on garages and barns.";
defArray[58]="Joint made by butting the first piece of material into a corner then shaping the second piece so that it conforms to the outline of the first piece.  Also called a COPE JOINT.";
defArray[59]="To drive a nail into a part of the board that will not be visible on the finished product.  See also FACE NAILING.";
defArray[60]="MASONRY product that is used in the assembly of footings, FOUNDATION WALLS, along with both interior and exterior walls.  BLOCKS are precast to specific dimensions and are available in many shapes and styles.";
defArray[61]="A thick, relatively short BACKSPLASH with a square top.  See BACKSPLASH and FULL BACKSPLASH.";
defArray[62]="Involves using BLOCK to construct the perimeter FOUNDATION system and the exterior BEARING WALLS.  The FOOTINGS in a BLOCK BUILDING SYSTEM may also be built from BLOCK but are often made from CONCRETE.";
defArray[63]="Refers to the open cavities often found in BLOCKS.  These CELLS may be filled with either GROUT or insulation.";
defArray[64]="Short pieces of material used to both provide solid bridging over bearing points and to block fire from quickly spreading into other parts of the framing.  Usually found in joists over every bearing wall or beam and in studs at every connection with stair stringers or dropped ceilings.";
defArray[65]="Insulation that is broken down by a machine that blows it into place.  BLOWN-IN INSULATION is often installed above the ceiling line and in wall cavities.";
defArray[66]="SHINGLES made from the highest quality all HEARTWOOD and all clear cedar with 100 percent edge grain.  Most residential structures use RED or BLUE LABEL SHINGLES.";
defArray[67]="Vertical SIDING in which boards are installed first with small spaces between them.  Narrower boards called BATTENS are then installed over the small spaces.";
defArray[68]="A THREE-DIMENSIONAL measurement equal to the volume of a board that is one inch thick, one foot wide and one foot long. Used to designate the volume of lumber.";
defArray[69]="Vertical SIDING in which boards are installed with gaps between them.  Boards of the same size are then installed over the gaps.";
defArray[70]="SIDING made from wood, hardboard, or pressed wood byproducts; usually installed horizontally, one board at a time.";
defArray[71]="In MASONRY, the arrangement of bricks or other MASONRY units in COURSES and the way the courses overlap each other to form the wall.  See also HALF BOND, ONE THIRD BOND, ONE QUARTER BOND, and STACK BOND.";
defArray[72]="Horizontal beam poured inside the U BLOCK for reinforcement of BLOCK walls.  A BOND BEAM is made by filling the BLOCK CELLS with either GROUT or insulation up to the level of the bottom of the U BLOCK.  REINFORCING STEEL is placed, and the U BLOCK is filled with GROUT.";
defArray[73]="VENEER pattern produced by turning over every other VENEER strip.  On a surface the strips look much like mirror images of each other.  See VENEER, WHOLE PIECE VENEER, SLIP MATCHED VENEER, and UNMATCHED VENEER.";
defArray[74]="The process of folding the pasted side of wallpaper over onto itself.  BOOKING allows the glue to cure without drying unevenly.";
defArray[75]="Small tile placed under the CAP TILES on the STARTER COURSE only.";
defArray[76]="Lower or bottom member of a TRUSS.";
defArray[77]="The lower rail of a BALUSTRADE into which the bottom ends of BALUSTERS connect. See BALUSTRADE and TOP RAIL.";
defArray[78]="Window unit(s) projecting out from the wall in an arch.";
defArray[79]="TRUSS with a curved TOP CHORD and horizontal BOTTOM CHORD so that the top looks like a bow string and the bottom looks like a bow.";
defArray[80]="Storage section of the cabinet.  See FACE FRAME, and FACE.";
defArray[81]="Made from steel or wood, they are formed like a long box with four sides and are hollow in the center.";
defArray[82]="Framing fasteners with a slightly smaller shank or shaft than COMMON NAILS, but with the same length and the same size heads as comparable COMMON NAILS.  BOX NAILS are less likely to split the wood than COMMON NAILS but BOX NAILS are not quite as strong.  See COMMON NAILS, GUN NAILS and SINKERS.";
defArray[83]="A common type of TOP RAIL that has a profile shaped like a loaf of bread.  See BALUSTRADE and TOP RAIL.";
defArray[84]="Metal anchors installed to secure brick VENEER to the exterior wall.";
defArray[85]="The most common exterior flatwork FINISH; a slightly rough texture achieved by running a broom over freshly troweled CONCRETE.";
defArray[86]="Second coat of STUCCO, applied over the SCRATCH COAT.  The purpose of the BROWN COAT is to provide a relatively smooth surface for the FINISH COAT.  The BROWN COAT is TROWELED over the SCRATCH COAT and then smoothed with a long FLOAT.  See also SCRATCH COAT and FINISH COAT.";
defArray[87]="A composition shingle that has been permanently dented by a hailstone but has not fractured.  Also see FRACTURED COMPOSITION SHINGLES and GRANULAR LOSS.";
defArray[88]="Finish applied to DRYWALL with a brush.";
defArray[89]="Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.";
defArray[90]="An individual trained and certified to inspect completed construction work for complies with accepted building codes and ordinances.";
defArray[91]="Issued by the local government, usually the county or city, after a fee has been paid and PLANS have been reviewed and approved.  Normally construction cannot begin until after the permit is issued.";
defArray[92]="Cabinets that are hand-built on site.  See MILLED CABINETS, CUSTOM CABINETS, and MASS PRODUCED CABINETS.";
defArray[93]="See MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE.";
defArray[94]="Tool with a long handle that slides on the surface of CONCRETE to press the course AGGREGATE down and to raise the CREAM.";
defArray[95]="A unit of lumber consisting of several pieces or sticks which are banded together for convenience in shipping and delivery.";
defArray[96]="The direction a fire burns.  Fire should burn up and away from the point of origin toward an oxygen source.";
defArray[97]="Hinge made up of two flat, rectangular PLATES with a pin connecting them.";
defArray[98]="Joint made by placing two square-cut pieces of material end to end without any overlap.";
defArray[99]="The seam found when two members are joined together end to end without overlapping the members.";
defArray[100]="Roof style consisting of two planes that SLOPE inward forming a V, lower in the center than at the outside edge.";
defArray[101]="Door with two flush slabs that are mounted on tracks.  Each door part slides parallel to the other.  BYPASS DOORS are common on closets and patios.  Also called sliding doors.";
defArray[102]="Electrical burner made from coiled steel.  See CERAN TOP and HALOGEN BURNER.";
defArray[103]="Refers to the slight bow or arch that is found in many building materials.  Sometimes used as a synonym for CROWN.  However CROWN usually refers to the natural distortion that occurs in lumber whereas CAMBER usually refers to a built-in bow which was engineered by the manufacturer.  See CROWN.";
defArray[104]="Housing or container for a recessed light unit.  The CAN is installed during electrical rough-in.";
defArray[105]="A beveled piece of material placed where the roofing material turns up such as at the intersection of a PARAPET WALL and the ROOF DECK.  It is used to soften the angle which must be covered by the roofing MEMBRANE.";
defArray[106]="Refers to a beam or joist with an end portion that hangs out past the structural part bearing it from below, but which has the load above it placed at the end of the overhanging portion.  Commonly used for the support of bay windows and decks.";
defArray[107]="Specialty tile trim piece used to finish the edges of tile work.  See COVE PIECE, TILE BASE, and DOUBLE BULLNOSE.";
defArray[108]="Top COURSE of SHINGLES which does not have another COURSE overlapping it.  There is a CAP ROW on the RIDGE of the roof.";
defArray[109]="Top layer of MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE roof system usually covered with one of three finishes: 1) a smooth, FLOOD COAT that is painted to prevent sun damage; 2) a FLOOD COAT with AGGREGATE covering; or 3) a CAP SHEET with mineral granules embedded into the surface.  See FLOOD COAT.";
defArray[110]="U-shaped roofing tile that forms the peaks in a BARREL TILE roof.  CAP TILES are placed at the intersection of PAN TILES with the U facing down.  Water drains off of the PEAKS formed by the CAP TILES and into the PAN TILES.  Specially designed CAP TILES are also used on the RAKE, RIDGES, and HIPS.";
defArray[111]="Carpet that wraps a small distance up the wall.";
defArray[112]="Direction in which the carpet fibers slant.";
defArray[113]="Window unit that opens by swinging the side of the WINDOW SASH outward like a door.  The opposite side of the WINDOW SASH is attached with hinges.";
defArray[114]="Framing which surrounds a door, covering the space between the JAMB and the wall surface.";
defArray[115]="Support member attached near the center of the BOTTOM CHORD of a TRUSS system to hold the TRUSSES in a vertical position.";
defArray[116]="Material used to seal seams and joints against weather and insect penetration.  Also used to fill holes and gaps to provide a smooth seamless surface for the paint to cover.";
defArray[117]="Insulation made from shredded paper.  CELLULOSE INSULATION should be treated with a fire retardant chemical or it may create a fire hazard.";
defArray[118]="The chemical agent which reacts with water to form a paste that bonds the aggregate.  CEMENT should not be confused with CONCRETE which is a mixture of CEMENT, AGGREGATE and WATER.";
defArray[119]="An UNDERLAYMENT made from cement board which has a smooth finish for use beneath vinyl floors.  CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT is almost impervious to water damage.  See UNDERLAYMENT, PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT, PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, LAUAN PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, GYPSUM-BASED UNDERLAYMENT, and UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[120]="A type of cement board attached to a substrate to create an ISOLATION MEMBRANE.  The joints between the boards are then filled and leveled.  See THINSET TILE, ISOLATION MEMBRANE, and MORTAR BED.";
defArray[121]="Wall on the interior of a structure that is built to support the weight of the FLOOR SYSTEM above it.  The CENTER BEARING WALL is usually constructed along the center line of the structure.  This is a STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[122]="Small tile, usually 1\" by 1\", 1\" by 2\", or 2\" by 2\", that are typically made from porcelain or natural clay.  See GLAZED WALL TILE and QUARRY TILE.";
defArray[123]="Brand name for a type of specialty glass used in flat-surface cooktops.  The burners are placed under the glass and cooking utensils are placed on top of the glass.";
defArray[124]="Issued by the local jurisdiction to confirm that the building is complete, complies with all the building code requirements and local ordinances  and can be occupied.";
defArray[125]="Horizontal strip, usually wood, that runs around the room at approximately the height of the back of a standard chair.  CHAIR RAILS were originally designed to prevent chairs from marring the wall surface, but in modern structures are primarily decorative.";
defArray[126]="As wood burns, the areas of the wood being consumed will begin to char.  Charred portions of wood are not structurally stable.  When the surface of structural framing members is charred more than 1/8\" the framing member will generally have to be replaced.";
defArray[127]="Also called a dry sponge or chemical sponge, a CHEM SPONGE is treated with special chemicals for use in removing soot from walls.  Neither water nor other liquids are used with a CHEM SPONGE.";
defArray[128]="Small roof built behind the chimney to move precipitation around the chimney and off the roof.  Also called a chimney saddle.";
defArray[129]="MASONRY unit made from Portland cement and cinder.  CINDER BLOCKS are lighter and have better insulative qualities than CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS.";
defArray[130]="A shape in which all points on the perimeter are the same distance from the center. The formula for calculating the area of a circle is: \"pi x radius² = area.\" The formula for the perimeter is: \"pi x diameter = circumference.\"";
defArray[131]="Electrical device that automatically disconnects power to a circuit in dangerous situations and can also be used to manually turn power to a circuit on and off.";
defArray[132]="Power tool with a circular blade that rotates at a high speed so that the teeth on the blade will cut the material, usually wood.";
defArray[133]="Stair system which winds in a curving pattern, usually, but not always, around a common center.";
defArray[134]="The length of the perimeter of a circle, calculated with the formula \"pi x diameter = circumference.\" Can be used interchangeably with \"perimeter.\"";
defArray[135]="MASONRY unit made from clay.  Most often used on commercial structures.  Also commonly called \"Atlas Block\".";
defArray[136]="Tile made from clay that has been forced through an extruder, cut to size, air-dried and then fired in a kiln.";
defArray[137]="High grade redwood lumber that is free of knots, pitch, and blemishes.  The grain of CLEAR ALL HEART is usually fairly straight.";
defArray[138]="Roof style consisting of two sides that SLOPE in opposite directions with a vertical wall section extending between the peaks.  The vertical wall contains windows that provide light and/or ventilation into the building.  The CLERESTORY ROOF is common on condominium and passive solar homes.";
defArray[139]="Intersection of two roof surfaces where the COURSES of SHINGLES meet and cover the VALLEY FLASHING.  See also LACED VALLEY and HALF LACED VALLEY.";
defArray[140]="A group of wires, each of which is covered with insulation (except for copper GROUND in some cases), and the entire cluster of wires is also covered by plastic insulation.";
defArray[141]="Hydrocarbon substance created by processing coal, may be used to waterproof MEMBRANE roofing.";
defArray[142]="The joint that occurs when a batch of fresh, highly PLASTIC CONCRETE is placed next to CONCRETE which is less PLASTIC with no VIBRATION or RODDING to cause the two batches to consolidate.";
defArray[143]="Horizontal member that is used to tie RAFTERS together above the TOP PLATE.  The COLLAR TIE strengthens the roof member and may be used for fastening the ceiling.  May also be referred to as a COLLAR BEAM.";
defArray[144]="A commonly used molding pattern.";
defArray[145]="Brand name of door that is made of pressed wood fiber and has numerous raised panels.";
defArray[146]="Type of wood product used for SHEATHING, it consists of a two thin layers or VENEERS of wood on the outside and in the middle is a wood flake and resin center.";
defArray[147]="Air a furnace needs in order to provide oxygen to a flame.  Most new homes are so air tight that COMBUSTION AIR must be provided from the exterior of the structure.";
defArray[148]="TRUSS used to make a GABLE ROOF, it often spans from outside wall to outside wall without relying on interior BEARING WALLS for support.  All trusses in a gable truss roof will be COMMON GABLE TRUSSES except the last truss on each end which are GABLE END TRUSSES.";
defArray[149]="The standard fasteners used by framers.  The most typical size COMMON NAIL is sixteen PENNY or 3 1/2\" long.  See BOX NAILS and SINKERS.";
defArray[150]="Full length RAFTER that extends from the top wall PLATE to the RIDGE.";
defArray[151]="Soil which is capable of being compacted so as to provide a solid substance under the STRUCTURAL PARTS.  COMPACTIBLE FILL is almost always placed in layers (also called \"lifts\") which are thin enough (usually 4 to 6 inches) to allow the compaction device to be effective throughout the layer.  Each layer is thoroughly compacted before the next one is placed.";
defArray[152]="SHINGLE made from an organic or fiberglass mat that is saturated with asphalt or coal tar pitch. Granules are embedded in the surface that is exposed to the weather.  Also commonly called organic, asphalt, or fiberglass SHINGLES.";
defArray[153]="Crushing force.  Opposite of TENSION.";
defArray[154]="A fitting used on all types of pipe where a FERRULE or a GASKET is compressed against the fitting by tightening a threaded nut.";
defArray[155]="Made primarily from CEMENT, AGGREGATE, water and ADMIXTURES.  The AGGREGATE is usually a combination of sand and also gravel which averages over 1/4\" in diameter.  CONCRETE is not CEMENT.  The primary differences between MORTAR, GROUT, and CONCRETE are the ratio of the primary materials and the size of the AGGREGATE and the types of ADMIXTURES included in the mix.";
defArray[156]="MASONRY unit made from Portland cement and AGGREGATE.  May or may not have pigment added.  CMU is the most common type of BLOCK.";
defArray[157]="Form used to make patterns in CONCRETE.  After the CONCRETE has been screed and rough finished, the stamp is pressed into the CONCRETE.  Colors may be added to make the CONCRETE appear more natural by adding a dye ADMIXTURE to the CONCRETE or by spreading a dye on the surface.";
defArray[158]="Tiles made from a stiff, low slump CONCRETE.  CONCRETE TILES are usually heavier and less expensive than CLAY TILES.  Because CONCRETE TILES are so heavy, the roof framing must be built strong enough to carry the extra DEAD LOAD weight.";
defArray[159]="Any material which carries electrical current.";
defArray[160]="Tube or pipe through which electrical wires run.";
defArray[161]="A resin-based type of adhesive.  The surfaces of two materials that are to be glued together are first coated with the adhesive; then the adhesive is allowed to dry (10 to 20 minutes).  When the two surfaces touch each other, they adhere.  Thus the name CONTACT ADHESIVE. See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[162]="FOOTING design where all parts of the FOOTING are connected together.  CONCRETE runs continuously from one section of the FOOTING to the next with no breaks or gaps.  This helps the footing resist movement during earthquakes or other types of earth movement.";
defArray[163]="An oven designed to clean materials that may have splashed or spilled inside it as it cooks.  See SELF-CLEANING OVEN AND CONVECTION OVEN.";
defArray[164]="Cut or formed break in a CONCRETE part designed to control where the fracturing occurs as the concrete expands and contracts.  Ideally the fracturing and movement should occur along the CONTROL JOINT and not elsewhere.";
defArray[165]="An oven which uses circulating hot air to accelerate cooking time.  See CONTINUOUS-CLEANING OVEN AND SELF-CLEANING OVEN.";
defArray[166]="See BLIND MITER.";
defArray[167]="Chemical that is created when copper is exposed to the atmosphere.  COPPER OXIDE is not an insulator and creates no hazard.";
defArray[168]="BLOCK that projects from the face of a wall a short distance and provides support for other weight.";
defArray[169]="Test sample of CONCRETE, usually twelve inches high and six inches in DIAMETER.  When properly cured, the CORE SAMPLE may be used to determine the strength of the CONCRETE.";
defArray[170]="Decorative piece that is placed between the vertical side CASING and the horizontal top CASING. Also see BASE BLOCK.";
defArray[171]="A diagonal brace used to reinforce the corner of a wood-frame structure See LET-IN-BRACE.";
defArray[172]="Decorative exterior trim installed at the intersection of the roof and the top of the wall.  May be made of wood, plastic, metal, molded STUCCO, or molded SYNTHETIC STUCCO.  It also refers to a decorative molding running around the walls of a room just below the ceiling.";
defArray[173]="Roofing sheet often made out of galvanized steel or fiberglass.  Shaped in alternating RIDGES and VALLEYS.";
defArray[174]="Damage to an item or surface that only affects the way an item looks and does not effect the way the item functions.  For example, a small crack in drywall usually indicates cosmetic damage to the drywall finish but does not indicate STRUCTURAL DAMAGE to the wall framing beneath.  Also see STRUCTURAL DAMAGE.";
defArray[175]="See POPCORN TEXTURE.";
defArray[176]="Effect created by a force that is acting in opposition to another force; for example, the weight of an OVERHEAD DOOR is COUNTERBALANCED by springs making it feel lighter when opened.";
defArray[177]="Installed any time FLASHING comes in contact with a surface finish that does not overlap it, such as MASONRY.  With MASONRY, it can be a piece of sheet metal secured into the MASONRY joint and extending out over the base FLASHING.";
defArray[178]="Horizontal layer or row of MASONRY units in a wall.  See also ROWLOCK, SOLDIER COURSE, and SAILOR COURSE.";
defArray[179]="Specialty tile trim piece used to trim corners in a tile surface.  See CAP MOLD PIECE, TILE BASE, and DOUBLE BULLNOSE.";
defArray[180]="Building that has an area between the soil and the bottom of the first floor that is large enough for a person to crawl in.  A CRAWL SPACE STRUCTURE does not have a basement so the sewer lateral can run through the foundation wall rather than under the footings.";
defArray[181]="In reference to CONCRETE, CREAM is the thin layer of fine mixture that comes to the surface of CONCRETE when the course AGGREGATE is pushed down with a concrete finishing tool such as a GANDY or BULL FLOAT.";
defArray[182]="Used with fitting in PB pipe.  The PB pipe is pressed firmly around the fitting with the CRIMP RING.";
defArray[183]="RAFTER that runs from a HIP RAFTER to a VALLEY RAFTER.  A CRIPPLE RAFTER never reaches the wall TOP PLATE or the RIDGE BOARD.";
defArray[184]="Short STUDS that are used to fill the gap under the WINDOW SILL and between the HEADER and the top PLATE if there is a gap.  Also used in a NONBEARING WALL to fill the space above the door opening and the top PLATE when no HEADER is required.";
defArray[185]="Most lumber is not chalkline straight but will bow slightly along its length.  The upward bow is called the CROWN of the board.  See CAMBER.";
defArray[186]="Trim piece which is placed over the corner between the wall and ceiling.";
defArray[187]="When a wall is assembled on the floor, the framer places the CROWN of the stud upward.  When the wall is stood in place, the convex or CROWN side of the stud is the \"front,\" and the convex side of the stud is the \"back.\"";
defArray[188]="Arranging all framing members so that all crowns are in the same direction.  See CROWNED STUD.";
defArray[189]="A THREE-DIMENSIONAL volume measurement equal to the amount contained by a cube that is one foot wide, one foot long, and one foot high.";
defArray[190]="A THREE-DIMENSIONAL volume measurement equal to the amount contained by a cube that is one yard wide, one yard long, and one yard high. Each cubic yard contains 27 cubic feet.";
defArray[191]="Water that is fit for human consumption.  Also called potable water.";
defArray[192]="Type of SOLID PLASTIC material usually mixed with a pattern that imitates a type of stone.  CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOPS are probably the most common type but cultured granite is also common. Cultured materials are also used to make tub and shower surrounds.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, STONE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[193]="The most common type of CULTURED COUNTERTOP, it contains swirls and color variations that imitate the look of marble.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, STONE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[194]="MASONRY units made from man-made materials such as PLASTER or plastic.  CULTURED STONE is shaped and colored to resemble natural stone but is much lighter weight.";
defArray[195]="Vent positioned at the RIDGE line.  CUPOLAS are often in the shape of a small house or dome, topped with a weathervane.  Some CUPOLAS are installed for decoration only and are nonfunctional.";
defArray[196]="MILLED CABINETS that are built for a specific kitchen to match specified DIMENSIONS and design.  See BUILT-IN CABINETS, MILLED CABINETS, and MASS PRODUCED CABINETS.";
defArray[197]="Carpet PILE in which the ends are looped, both ends are attached to the carpet backing, then the centers of the loops are cut.  See PILE and LOOP PILE.";
defArray[198]="Piece of metal inside the FLUE that opens and closes.  The DAMPER should remain open when the fireplace is in use to allow combustion gases to escape through the FLUE and into the atmosphere. When not in use, the DAMPER should be closed to prevent exterior air and small animals from entering the structure.";
defArray[199]="Process of coating the parts of the FOUNDATION system that will be below the soil level with a moisture resistant material.  This helps the FOUNDATION to resist the absorption or penetration of GROUNDWATER during short-term exposure.  Not the same as WATERPROOFING.";
defArray[200]="Electrical current provided by a battery.";
defArray[201]="Permanent load consisting of all building parts and built-in fixtures that will be supported by a STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[202]="An expression of distance in feet and decimal portions of feet rather than feet and inches.  For example, 6.25 feet is the decimalized expression of 6 feet 3 inches";
defArray[203]="Circuit that consists of a HOME RUN that connects to a single device.";
defArray[204]="Person who recommends aesthetically pleasing combinations of shapes and shades for the interior or the exterior of a building.";
defArray[205]="One of the five basic views found on a plan. A DETAIL is a close-up (ie: large scale) view of some part of a SECTION view, used to show exactly how parts connect together.";
defArray[206]="Person who improves land, preparing the land for building on it by providing such improvements as roads, sidewalks, and connections for sewer, water, electricity, and gas.  The DEVELOPER may subdivide the land into building lots.";
defArray[207]="Reinforcing member that is attached at an angle to provide lateral strength to another member such as a RAFTER.";
defArray[208]="Installation where wood strips are installed in a pattern that runs diagonally to at least one of the walls. See STRAIGHT WOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION and HERRINGBONE WOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION.";
defArray[209]="The process of drawing a floor plan and sometimes elevations which include dimensions and other important information such as the location of doors, windows, outlets, switches, and so forth.";
defArray[210]="A straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and terminates at the outer edges of the circle. It is the longest line segment that will fit inside a circle. The DIAMETER is equal to twice the length of the radius.";
defArray[211]="Made from dimensional lumber usually available in ROUGH CUT or SURFACED finishes.    See HEADER.";
defArray[212]="Dimensions are the measurements of a room or object. From PLANS, dimensions can be determined using the measurement on the drawing and the scale of the drawing or by reading the dimensions printed on the drawing.";
defArray[213]="Insulating material placed around the door JAMB where the slab meets the JAMB or door stop when closed.  The DOOR GASKET is used on exterior doors.";
defArray[214]="The latch, door knob, and striker plate.";
defArray[215]="Trim attached to the JAMB which prevents a door slab from swinging past the JAMB.";
defArray[216]="Projection from a sloped roof plane; usually contains a window or vent and provides additional interior space.";
defArray[217]="Specialty trim piece with rounded corners on both sides.  See CAP MOLD PIECE, COVE PIECE, and TILE BASE.";
defArray[218]="Window unit that may be opened by sliding the upper sash downward or the lower sash upward.";
defArray[219]="A method for using the ladder to climb a lower roof section, then pulling the ladder onto the roof for use when climbing a second higher roof section.";
defArray[220]="Stick of wood or metal which fits into corresponding holes to attach two pieces of material together.";
defArray[221]="Furnace which forces air down and out the bottom of it.";
defArray[222]="Vertical pipe that carries water from the GUTTER, along the side of the structure to the ground or drainage system.";
defArray[223]="Person who translates the ideas provided to them by an ARCHITECT or DESIGNER into accurate PLANS that may be used for construction.";
defArray[224]="A series of pipes through which WASTE is released into the soil after it has been treated in the SEPTIC TANK.  The size of the DRAIN FIELD depends on the number of people being serviced by the system and the ability of the soil to absorb liquid.";
defArray[225]="Any edge that is shaped so that the water drips off of it onto the ground and not onto the part below.";
defArray[226]="A loop that is made in the DROP WIRES just in front of the WEATHER HEAD.  The DRIP LOOP prevents water from dripping down the wires and into the WEATHER HEAD.";
defArray[227]="SHIPLAP SIDING with special shaping on its face; for example, it may have a rounded face to look like logs.";
defArray[228]="Wire that connects the TRANSFORMER to the structure.  The DROP WIRE for a residential structure usually contains two current carrying LEADS and a neutral.";
defArray[229]="Machine used in the manufacture of composition shingles that is designed to allow air to circulate around roofing material to dry the material.";
defArray[230]="Term used to denote the stage of construction when the inside of the structure is protected from weather.  Generally it is the point when all exterior doors and windows are in place and roof felt has been placed over the roof sheathing.";
defArray[231]="Process used to remove moisture from lumber.  The moisture content in the lumber is reduced to the average amount it will maintain when used in building construction.  After DRYING, many lumber mills seal the lumber with stain or wax to prevent them from absorbing moisture again.  SURFACE DRYING and KILN DRYING are two methods used for DRYING lumber.";
defArray[232]="Interior wall finish using mostly non-flammable materials.  While DRYWALL actually refers to any interior finish made from plaster or gypsum board, in common usage it usually refers to a finish made from gypsum board.";
defArray[233]="An outlet with two ports.";
defArray[234]="Door that contains two half slabs mounted one above the other.  Each slab is attached to the JAMB with hinges and may swing independently of the other.";
defArray[235]="Piece of land, usually a narrow strip along the perimeter of the lot, that others have a right to use and access, typically for the placement of utilities.";
defArray[236]="That portion of the roof that projects past the exterior wall.";
defArray[237]="SHINGLES made from lumber whose annual rings form at least a forty-five degree angle at the face.";
defArray[238]="Stretchable SINGLE MEMBRANE roof system made from either plastic PVC or rubber EPDM.";
defArray[239]="A group of outlets or other electrical devices that connect to a fuse box or breaker panel through a common LEAD.";
defArray[240]="Filter which magnetically attracts dust to its surface.";
defArray[241]="One of the five basic views found on a PLAN. ELEVATION is an eye-level view of a surface on the building.";
defArray[242]="The process of securing a structure from weather and unwanted entry.  Damaged doors and windows or other easily accessible openings are typically covered with plywood and opening in the roof are typically covered with plastic.";
defArray[243]="END-MATCHED BOARDS have tongues and grooves along their sides and the ends.";
defArray[244]="Synthetic rubber material used to make elastomeric roof MEMBRANES.";
defArray[245]="A two-part resin that, when mixed, forms a tight cross-linked polymer.  EPOXY forms a hard, tough surface that is highly resistant to corrosion.";
defArray[246]="Concrete FINISH made by spreading an epoxy adhesive over cured CONCRETE, then placing AGGREGATE over the epoxy which glues the AGGREGATE to the underlying CONCRETE.";
defArray[247]="The process of injecting epoxy resin into a crack.  A good epoxy joint is usually stronger than the material it replaces.";
defArray[248]="Hardened glass which has been sandblasted or otherwise engraved to form a pattern or design in the glass.";
defArray[249]="A cabinet hinge which is MORTISED into the back of the door on one side and attached to the CABINET BOX on the other side.  Once installed, it can be adjusted in a variety of directions.  The EUROPEAN STYLE CABINET DOOR HINGE was designed for use on the FRAMELESS STYLE CABINETS that were developed in Europe after World War II, but is also found on some higher quality FRAMED STYLE CABINETS.  Also called a six way adjustable hinge and a recessed hinge.  See STANDARD CABINET DOOR HINGE.";
defArray[250]="A roll of wallpaper that contains about 28 SQUARE FEET of material.";
defArray[251]="System that cools by drawing air through moist filters, which transfers moisture into the air.  EVAPORATIVE COOLERS are effective only in regions with relatively low humidity.";
defArray[252]="A contractor or piece of equipment that moves the soil out of the area where FOOTINGS, FOUNDATIONS, or utility lines will be placed and backfills the soil around these parts once they are in place.";
defArray[253]="Foam that contains small beads with air voids around the beads.  When used as insulation EXPANDED FOAM should only be installed above grade.";
defArray[254]="Concrete FINISH in which the top layer or surface CREAM is removed to expose the AGGREGATE beneath, or AGGREGATE is pressed into the surface of the CONCRETE after screeding is complete.";
defArray[255]="Foam which is smooth, with no beads or voids.  Because EXTRUDED FOAM will not absorb water, it can be installed as insulation above or below grade.";
defArray[256]="The cabinet FACE FRAME, doors, and drawer fronts. See FACE FRAME and BOX.";
defArray[257]="A frame placed over the cabinet box against which the doors and drawers will rest.  The FACE FRAME is made from vertical STILES and horizontal RAILS.  See FACE and BOX.";
defArray[258]="To drive a nail into the face of the board so that it will be visible on the finished product.  See also BLIND NAILING.";
defArray[259]="A pre-built FIREBOX assembly that includes a HEAT EXCHANGER, air movement equipment, and the FLUE assembly.  Also called a ZERO CLEARANCE FIREPLACE.";
defArray[260]="Non-structural, decorative TREAD and RISER assembly which is placed over the structural tread and riser when carpet runs down the center of a stair.  FALSE TREAD AND RISERS are typically stain-grade wood which give the appearance of higher grade wood treads and risers at a lower cost.  See BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[261]="Exterior horizontal trim piece that covers the vertical edge of the RAFTER TAILS.  It can also be called the finish FASCIA because it is installed over the ROUGH FASCIA.";
defArray[262]="Connects the METER BASE to the breaker panel(s) or fuse box(es.)  Usually contains four cables that are twisted together.";
defArray[263]="Used in COMPRESSION FITTINGS, the FERRULE is a ring that slides over the top of a pipe.  The FERRULE is tapered on the top and is compressed between the fitting and a threaded nut.";
defArray[264]="SHINGLE made from a combination of wood fiber and Portland CEMENT.  FIBER AND CEMENT SHINGLES can be made to resemble SLATE, tile, or wood.";
defArray[265]="Glass filaments which are formed by pulling or spinning molten glass into random lengths.  FIBERGLASS does not burn easily.";
defArray[266]="The amount of material, including waste, that will be required in the field in order to complete the job.";
defArray[267]="Small piece of decorative wood that fills the space between BALUSTERS in a BOTTOM RAIL.  See BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[268]="Review by the building INSPECTOR after the interior and exterior construction is complete, to check for any problems that may endanger the health or safety of the building occupants.  In most areas a certificate indicating that the FINAL INSPECTION has been successfully completed is required before the home can be occupied.";
defArray[269]="Joint which uses small tapered projections (fingers) which interlace to join two pieces of material.";
defArray[270]="May refer to the plumbing, electrical, carpentry, or HVAC work that is visible when construction is complete.";
defArray[271]="Final coat of any material on a surface.  The third coat of common stucco is the FINISH COAT and contains the texture and may contain the pigment.  If the FINISH COAT does not contain pigment, the surface of the STUCCO must be painted when dry.  For STUCCO, see also SCRATCH COAT and BROWN COAT.";
defArray[272]="Any electrical part that will be installed after the walls and ceiling are finished.";
defArray[273]="A small headed nail that can be recessed below the surface of the wood, leaving only a small hole which can be puttied easily.  FINISH NAILS are used in the finishing work.";
defArray[274]="Piece of material installed to block the spread of fire from one side of it into wood framing members on the other side.  The fire is forced to burn through the FIRE BLOCKING before it can reach another part of the framing system.";
defArray[275]="Process in which DRYWALL is finished to provide fire protection only and not to provide a smooth finish wall. Firetaped DRYWALL has tape embedded along all joints which are then covered with one additional layer of mud.  Fasteners are also covered with mud.";
defArray[276]="Wall which has been designed to resist the spread of fire.  FIRE WALLS in homes are typically required between the garage and living space.  FIRE WALLS are usually rated by the hours they are designed to resist the spread of fire.  A typical residential firewall rating is one hour.";
defArray[277]="The interior of a fireplace system built of heat-resistant materials which contains the fire and radiates heat in the room.  Can be made from a variety of materials including special FIRE BRICK, prefabricated MASONRY panels or metal.";
defArray[278]="MASONRY unit made from clay that is formed and then baked at a high enough temperature to cause a partial melting or glazing on the surface.  This glaze provides a seal which protects the brick from moisture.";
defArray[279]="Flexible tape that is used to pull electrical wire through CONDUIT.  The FISH TAPE is pushed through the CONDUIT, the electrical wires are fastened to the end and pulled through the CONDUIT.";
defArray[280]="Term used for exterior decking material.  Refers to the one and one-quarter or \"FIVE-QUARTER\" thickness of the material.";
defArray[281]="Window unit that does not open.  Also may be referred to as a picture window.";
defArray[282]="Type of stone which splits easily into slabs known as flags.";
defArray[283]="Parallel edges on a STEEL BEAM that are perpendicular to the center web of the beam.";
defArray[284]="Any piece of material, usually metal or plastic, installed to prevent water from penetrating into the structure around doors, windows, chimneys, and roof edges.";
defArray[285]="Flaw in DRYWALL that occurs when reflected light reveals a difference between areas where DRYWALL mud was applied over tape or fasteners and areas where mud was not applied.";
defArray[286]="SHINGLES made from lumber whose annual rings form less than a forty-five degree angle at the face.";
defArray[287]="Paint with the lowest reflective finish.  FLAT PAINT has little or no sheen.";
defArray[288]="A flat, thin plywood panel used in a frame and panel cabinet door. See FRAME AND PANEL CABINET DOOR, SLAB CABINET DOOR and RAISED PANEL.";
defArray[289]="Roof style that appears flat but actually has a slight SLOPE to allow drainage of precipitation.";
defArray[290]="Tile SHINGLE with a flat surface.  The surface of FLAT TILES often have a grain simulation and the sides are usually rabbeted and grooved.";
defArray[291]="Roof or FLOOR TRUSS with horizontal TOP and BOTTOM CHORDS reinforced with diagonal members between them.";
defArray[292]="Type of PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP with no integral BACKSPLASH, a flat smooth surface, and usually a square front edge.  FLAT-LAID COUNTERTOPS can be fabricated in a shop or on site.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP and POST-FORMED COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[293]="A large piece of lumber cut out of a log that is then sawn into boards or VENEER strips.";
defArray[294]="Hand tool used to provide an even texture to CONCRETE or PLASTER surfaces before they set.";
defArray[295]="Heavy, smooth asphalt coating mopped over the CAP SHEET of a MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE roof to provide a smooth surface.  The FLOOD COAT must be protected from sun damage by painting it with a UV COAT or by covering it with AGGREGATE.";
defArray[296]="Structure that sits atop columns which raise the main floor above the flood plane.";
defArray[297]="One of the five basic views found on a PLAN. Also known as PLAN VIEW. FLOOR PLAN is a view as though you are looking directly down on a building with the top removed so you can see the layout of the floor including walls and fixtures.";
defArray[298]="Includes the framing support members such as FLOOR JOISTS or FLOOR TRUSSES and the SHEATHING that provides the floor system surface.  This is a STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[299]="May be used instead of regular JOISTS or I-JOISTS, FLOOR TRUSSES are generally placed on wider centers, are deeper and more expensive than other JOISTS.  FLOOR TRUSSES are designed to allow plumbing, electrical, and heating runs to be placed inside of them instead of below them like is often required in other JOISTS.";
defArray[300]="Pipe that is sized, insulated, and positioned to carry combustible gases up and away from the structure.";
defArray[301]="Cap placed on the top opening of the FLUE in such a way as to permit proper ventilation of the inner chambers of the FLUE pipe and at the same time prevent moisture or small animals from entering the FLUE.";
defArray[302]="Door with a flat, smooth face with no panels or decoration.  Flush doors may have a solid or hollow core.";
defArray[303]="Flat ceiling tiles with neither embossed designs nor recessed edges.";
defArray[304]="CASING that contains a series of round reliefs called \"flutes\" along its length.  FLUTED CASING is designed to look like fluted columns.";
defArray[305]="GABLE RAFTER which is located under the OVERHANG part of the roof SHEATHING on the gable end.  It is not directly supported by the exterior wall.  Also sometimes referred to as the barge RAFTER or barge board.";
defArray[306]="Thin foam strip placed on top of the FOUNDATION and under the FOUNDATION SILL PLATE. This strip is actually pushed down over the bolts and fills in any gaps between the FOUNDATION and the FOUNDATION SILL PLATE.";
defArray[307]="Base upon which the structure will stand, it rests on the soil.  A FOOTING ultimately supports all of the weight of the structure; it is a STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[308]="Heating system that uses a fan to push heated air through ducts to vents throughout the structure.";
defArray[309]="Brand name of a common type of plastic laminate material.  The term FORMICA is often used in the industry when referring to plastic laminate.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[310]="This STRUCTURAL PART rests on the FOOTING and supports the exterior walls and floor system.  A FOUNDATION is usually constructed out of CONCRETE, BLOCK or treated lumber.";
defArray[311]="Piece of lumber (usually redwood or treated) that is used between the FOUNDATION and the framing.  It is attached to the FOUNDATION with ANCHOR BOLTS.";
defArray[312]="Inspection of the rough-in of four trades including FRAMING, PLUMBING, HVAC, and ELECTRIC.  This inspection must be completed before the walls or ceilings are covered.";
defArray[313]="A composition shingle that has been torn by the impact from a hailstone.  The fractures often radiate out from the center of the hailstone impact in a spider web pattern.  Also see BRUISED COMPOSITION SHINGLES and GRANULAR LOSS.";
defArray[314]="A cabinet door which consists of a frame that surrounds a panel.  The panel may be glass, a veneered plywood FLAT PANEL, or a solid wood RAISED PANEL. See SLAB CABINET DOOR.";
defArray[315]="Cabinet style in which a FACE FRAME is attached to the CABINET BOX.  See FRAMELESS STYLE CABINETS.";
defArray[316]="Term to denote that the building framing has been completed to the point that it is ready for the ROOF SYSTEM to be built.";
defArray[317]="Cabinet style which has no FACE FRAME attached to the CABINET BOX.  Often called a European style cabinet because it was developed in Europe during the reconstruction following World War II as an alternative to the more labor-intensive FRAMED STYLE CABINET.  See FRAMED STYLE CABINET.";
defArray[318]="Members which connect the bottoms of opposing RAFTERS together to prevent them from moving outward.  Ceiling JOISTS are commonly used as FRAMING TIES.";
defArray[319]="A faucet designed to supply water to the outside of the structure without danger of freezing in cold temperatures.  The faucet is located on the outside of the structure but the valve portion is located inside the heated structure.";
defArray[320]="Horizontal trim piece installed at the top of the exterior wall, covering the joint between the SOFFIT and the exterior wall.  The FRIEZE BOARD is often ornately decorated.";
defArray[321]="The maximum depth that frost is expected to penetrate into the soil during the coldest part of winter.";
defArray[322]="BACKSPLASH which runs from the countertop to the bottom of the upper cabinet.  See BACKSPLASH and BLOCK BACKSPLASH.";
defArray[323]="A structure that has a basement level, the floor usually positioned below ground level beneath the main level.";
defArray[324]="Hardware attached between a cabinet drawer and the CABINET BOX which allows the drawer to be pulled completely out of the CABINET BOX.  See GLIDE.";
defArray[325]="Any cabinet that runs the full height from the floor to the level of the UPPER UNIT.  See LOWER UNIT, VANITY CABINET, and UPPER UNIT.";
defArray[326]="Also called furr strips, they are often used on the interior of BLOCK or CONCRETE walls.  FURRING STRIPS can be made from either metal or wood.  They are fastened to the walls, ceiling, or floor system generally for the purpose of providing a surface to which the ceiling or wall covering may be easily attached.";
defArray[327]="TRUSS used at the ends of a GABLE ROOF, it has vertical members which are spaced to allow convenient attachment of the exterior wall SHEATHING.";
defArray[328]="Roof style consisting of two sides that SLOPE in opposite directions down from the PEAK or RIDGE.  The roof ends form an inverted V and are filled in with triangular shaped gable end walls.";
defArray[329]="Vents placed in the gable ends of the roof.  GABLE VENTS facilitate the flow of air in the attic while protecting it from insects and the weather.";
defArray[330]="Roof style consisting of two sides that meet at the RIDGE and SLOPE in opposite directions.  Each side has two sections, the lower section having a steeper SLOPE than the upper section.  The GAMBREL ROOF is often used on barns.";
defArray[331]="TRUSS used to make a GAMBREL ROOF, functions in the same way as a GABLE TRUSS.";
defArray[332]="Tool which uses a screen to press the course aggregate downward while leaving the fine aggregate at the surface.  Flat GANDY is dropped lightly over the entire surface.  Rolling GANDY uses a screen shaped like a barrel and is rolled across the entire surface.  Widely used in residential construction, its use is discouraged by many STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS because it can severely damage the CONCRETE unless used skillfully.";
defArray[333]="More than one switch installed in a single electrical box.";
defArray[334]="Soft pliable material used to prevent joint leakage.";
defArray[335]="Refers to the thickness of metal or wire.  A heavier GAUGE means that the metal is thicker but it is denoted by a smaller number.";
defArray[336]="See SOILS ENGINEER.";
defArray[337]="Large horizontal beam which may be used to provide structural support at specific BEARING POINTS along its length.  A GIRDER is held up in position by columns or a BEARING WALL.";
defArray[338]="Tile SHINGLE with a color glaze compound put on its surface that produces a smooth and shiny face.  Glazed clay tiles are baked.  Glazed concrete tiles dry chemically.  Glaze usually adds significantly to the cost of clay tiles, but adds only moderately or not at all to the cost of concrete tiles.";
defArray[339]="Tile which come in a variety of sizes but are usually about 4\" by 4\" and typically have a high gloss or matte glaze applied to the finish surface.  See CERAMIC MOSAIC TILE and QUARRY TILE.";
defArray[340]="Hardware attached between a cabinet drawer and the CABINET BOX which holds the drawer in a level position as the drawer is pulled out of and pushed into the CABINET BOX.  See FULL EXTENSION GLIDE.";
defArray[341]="Short for glue-laminated beam, it is made of several layers of dimensional lumber glued together so that the joints in each layer are overlapped by other layers to provide strength.  If the glue-lam beam has a CAMBER, it should be installed with the CAMBER up.";
defArray[342]="Roof tile that is glued into place.  Glue up tile is usually 12\" by 12\".";
defArray[343]="A long, curving handrail piece that is used to \"step down\" and make a long vertical transition between handrail parts on a stair BALUSTRADE. See TOP RAIL, VOLUTE, ONE-QUARTER TURN, and BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[344]="CONCRETE beam that rests on grade (ie: on the soil) but is supported by PIERS or columns rather than the soil directly underneath.  A GRADE BEAM may appear to be a FOOTING or short FOUNDATION wall unless one inspects carefully enough to discover the connections to the top of the PIERS or columns underneath.";
defArray[345]="Stake which is placed in the ground and marked at the point where the grade should be found once the building part is in place.  GRADE STAKES are often placed and marked to indicate where the top of the CONCRETE will be located once the pour is complete.  GRADE STAKES used as a guide for establishing the final level of the concrete are usually pulled out and their holes filled with wet CONCRETE once the wet concrete has been leveled at the proper grade.";
defArray[346]="GRANULAR LOSS occurs when mineral granules embedded in a composition shingle are loosened by the impact from a hailstone when the hailstone does not bruise or fracture the shingle.  Also see FRACTURED COMPOSITION SHINGLES and BRUISED COMPOSITION SHINGLES.";
defArray[347]="Wall covering made of loosely woven vegetable fibers.";
defArray[348]="Type of flexible metal CONDUIT.";
defArray[349]="Molding that fits over a SINGLE PANE or between a double pane window to make it appear as if the window unit has many separate LIGHTS.  Also see MUNTIN.";
defArray[350]="Circular eyelet which reinforces a hole that has been punched into a piece of material.";
defArray[351]="Electrical connection from a circuit or equipment to the GROUND.";
defArray[352]="Special ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT which will immediately stop power from flowing through an outlet or electrical device if there is a hazardous event such as dropping an electrical device into water.  All outlets in a bathroom should have GFCI protection.  GFCIs can be built into an outlet or into a circuit breaker.";
defArray[353]="Electrical CONDUCTOR that leads to an electric connection at the earth.";
defArray[354]="Water concentration below the surface of the ground.  The level of this water in the soil is called the \"water table.\"";
defArray[355]="Mixture of CEMENT, water and AGGREGATE. GROUT is used to fill in the BLOCK CELLS which contain REBAR.  This holds the REBAR joints in place and strengthens the BLOCK.  The primary differences between MORTAR, GROUT, and CONCRETE are the ratio of materials used and the size of the AGGREGATE.";
defArray[356]="Most modern framers use NAIL GUNS and rarely use a hammer.  GUN NAILS come in strips or coils so they can be easily loaded in the NAIL GUN.  They usually have a hooded or \"T\" shape so the nails can fit closely together.  See COMMON NAILS, BOX NAILS and SINKERS.";
defArray[357]="PLATES fastened to the face of the TRUSS to hold together members where they join.";
defArray[358]="Channel or trough positioned along the lower edge of the roof to catch and control roof water, directing it to the DOWNSPOUT.  May be made of wood, metal, or plastic.";
defArray[359]="A place where the gutter is attached to the structure\'s fascia.  On SEAMLESS ALUMINUM GUTTERS, the gutter brace usually contains a large nail, and the nail head can be seen on the face of the gutter.";
defArray[360]="An UNDERLAYMENT made from fiber-reinforced gypsum which is easy to cut and install and is highly resistant to indentation. See UNDERLAYMENT, PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT, PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, LAUAN PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT, and UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[361]="Course of brick in which the vertical joint between bricks is halfway across the length of the brick in the COURSE below it.  Also referred to as running bond and stretcher bond.";
defArray[362]="Pattern formed in the VALLEY of a roof by overlapping the VALLEY with SHINGLES from one side of the VALLEY and cutting SHINGLES from the other side so they end at the center of the VALLEY.";
defArray[363]="Electrical burner which instantly becomes hot when the burner is turned on.  See CERAN TOP.";
defArray[364]="Any texture that is applied to DRYWALL by hand, without the use of a machine.  This include BRUSH TEXTURES and HOCK TEXTURES.";
defArray[365]="Wood shake with a rough, split face and a sawn back.";
defArray[366]="A rule for safe use of a ladder.  The HAND/FEET RULE states that when climbing a ladder you should always have either one foot and two hands or two feet and one hand on the ladder at all times.";
defArray[367]="Extension out of a foundation wall used to support a CONCRETE part such as a step.";
defArray[368]="Part of a weight-bearing system, a HEADER is placed over an opening in the wall and distributes the weight supported by the members above it onto other parts which distribute the weight down to the FOOTINGS.  The HEADER is usually supported by TRIMMERS under each end.";
defArray[369]="Specific name for the JAMB found on the top of the inside of window and door openings.";
defArray[370]="Fireproof material in the area surrounding the front of the fireplace.";
defArray[371]="Wood found at the center of the tree.  Generally higher quality wood than SAPWOOD, with less and tighter knots and more resistant to decay.";
defArray[372]="Bubble which forms in the SHINGLE when the asphaltic coating does not properly BOND to the mat.";
defArray[373]="Device which transfers heat from a source, such as a flame, to a CONDUCTOR, such as air or water.";
defArray[374]="A distinct line left on walls by superheated smoke that was stopped at the ceiling. The bottom edge of this superheated smoke often leaves a line on the walls.";
defArray[375]="System which heats or cools the air by using REFRIGERANT GAS to either take heat out of the structure or bring heat into the structure.";
defArray[376]="Room or group of rooms that is heated or cooled as a unit, usually controlled through a single THERMOSTAT.";
defArray[377]="Installation where wood strips are installed in a zigzag pattern.  See STRAIGHT WOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION and DIAGONAL WOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION.";
defArray[378]="A urethane foam pad that looks much like a thin wrestling pad.  Unlike most other types of pad, water can be extracted from high density urethane foam pads.  See SYNTHETIC FELT PAD, WAFFLE TYPE SPONGE RUBBER PAD, AND REBOND PAD.";
defArray[379]="Paint with a highly reflective finish.";
defArray[380]="A self-contained, usually freestanding unit which contains an oven below, with top burners and an upper oven which is often a microwave oven.  See RANGE and RESTAURANT STYLE RANGE.";
defArray[381]="External angle or convex intersection created at the joint of two roof planes.  A regular HIP ROOF has four HIPS, one from each corner of the exterior walls to the RIDGE.";
defArray[382]="Type of JACK RAFTER that runs from the HIP RAFTER to the wall TOP PLATE.";
defArray[383]="RAFTER which forms the HIP line of the roof from the RIDGE to the outside corner of the exterior walls.";
defArray[384]="Roof style with four sloping planes.  Both the sides and ends of the HIP ROOF slope down from the PEAK or RIDGE to the top of the exterior walls.";
defArray[385]="Finish applied to DRYWALL with a hock.";
defArray[386]="Used to connect the outside of the framing to the FOUNDATION. The HOLD-DOWNS are placed in the FOUNDATION while the CONCRETE is still wet.";
defArray[387]="Bubbles resulting from the separation of plies in MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE roofs due to improper installation.  HOLIDAYS will break over time.";
defArray[388]="The electrical LEAD that runs between the breaker panel or fuse box and the first outlet or device in an ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.";
defArray[389]="Voids left in CONCRETE owing to the failure of the mortar to fill effectively spaces amoung the aggregate.  These voids produce what resembles the pattern found in a honeycomb.  Can be overcome by proper TAMPING and VIBRATION of the CONCRETE while it is still in a PLASTIC state.";
defArray[390]="Window unit that opens by moving the top of the WINDOW SASH inward.  The bottom of the WINDOW SASH is attached with hinges.";
defArray[391]="Installation method where bonding materials are heated and mopped onto roofing materials to form a bond between layers, OVERLAPPING SEAMS, or FLASHING.  On MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF SYSTEMS, a method whereby SBS type MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOFING is adhered to the BASE SHEET.";
defArray[392]="Device which transfers moisture to the air.";
defArray[393]="Fasteners which overlap the side of roofing tile, designed to keep the tiles in place even under hurricane-force winds.";
defArray[394]="Manufactured metal bracket used to tie the roof TRUSS to the top of the bearing wall.";
defArray[395]="Abbreviation for Heating / Ventilating and Air Conditioning.";
defArray[396]="The chemical process that occurs when water and CEMENT combine to form the adhesive paste that holds the AGGREGATE together and makes CONCRETE harden.  The correct mixture of water, CEMENT, and temperature is needed for proper HYDRATION to occur.";
defArray[397]="The instantaneous pressure caused when flowing water is stopped by a closed plumbing valve.";
defArray[398]="The long side on a right triangle found opposite the 90-degree angle.";
defArray[399]="Wood beams that have top and bottom chords made out of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) or DIMENSIONAL LUMBER and the center web made out of either PLYWOOD or ORIENTED STRAND BOARD.  I-JOISTS are stronger than JOISTS made out of DIMENSIONAL LUMBER and can often span from basement wall to basement wall, although in most cases a CENTER BEARING WALL is still required.";
defArray[400]="Condition that occurs when snow melts on the heated portion of an improperly ventilated roof.  The water drips down to the unheated portion where it freezes into ice.  Eventually the build up of ice will cause the roof to leak.";
defArray[401]="The third of the six points of estimation, IDENTIFICATION is where the estimator decides what an item is.  For example, IDENTIFICATION occurs when an estimator decides that a wood base is 3 1/2\" paint-grade colonial base.";
defArray[402]="Type of carpet that may be used in interior or exterior applications.  Originally, INDOOR-OUTDOOR CARPET was made to imitate grass, but today it imitates many types of traditional interior carpet.  See WOOL CARPET, NYLON CARPET, BERBER CARPET, SCULPTURED CARPET, and SHAG CARPET.";
defArray[403]="Insulation that is injected into place. There are two types of INJECTED INSULATION.  The first is foam that is injected into holes and cracks through tubes.  The second is insulation that is injected through mesh into a framing cavity.";
defArray[404]="Corner formed where two intersecting surfaces meet at less than a 180-degree angle.";
defArray[405]="FLUE consisting of an inner pipe and an outer pipe with the space between the two filled with heat-resistant insulation.";
defArray[406]="Board used as a barrier against thermal or sound transmission.  INSULATION BOARD may be made from fiber, pressed wood, or foam.";
defArray[407]="Material placed in the ROOF SYSTEM to prevent insulation from falling through the space between the top of the exterior wall and the bottom of the roof SHEATHING.";
defArray[408]="Type of drawer in which the face serves as the front piece of the drawer.  The drawer sides attach directly to the drawer face.  See ATTACHED DRAWER.";
defArray[409]="PLASTER that is used as a wall or ceiling finish inside the structure.";
defArray[410]="SHINGLES with interlocking edges, designed so that the wind cannot lift them.  The most common type of INTERLOCKING SHINGLE is the T lock.";
defArray[411]="SIDING made from metal or vinyl with edges that interlock as the pieces are installed, forming a weather-tight seam.";
defArray[412]="A protective layer of material which is installed between dissimilar materials.  In a tile floor, an ISOLATION MEMBRANE protects the tile from movement as the underlying systems absorbs water that penetrates the tile surface. See THINSET TILE, MORTAR BED, and CEMENT BOARD.";
defArray[413]="Short RAFTER that runs either from the VALLEY RAFTER to the RIDGE BOARD or from the HIP RAFTER to the wall TOP PLATE.";
defArray[414]="Window unit with numerous glass louvres that pivot simultaneously outward from the bottom.";
defArray[415]="Wood or metal parts around the top and sides of the inside of window and door openings.  The window frame is made up of the JAMBS (SIDE JAMBS and HEADER JAMB) and the WINDOW SILL.";
defArray[416]="Metal part used to provide permanent support for JOISTS and HEADERS that do not rest on top of a bearing member.";
defArray[417]="Parallel, horizontal framing members that support floor or ceiling loads.  JOISTS may be made from wood, steel, or concrete.";
defArray[418]="Box which protects SPLICES in electrical wires and provides ACCESS.  Switches, outlets, and boxes for light fixtures are JUNCTION BOXES.";
defArray[419]="Lumber DRYING process where lumber is placed in a kiln or oven and heated until the excess moisture is removed.  KILN DRYING is about 10 times faster than SURFACE DRYING.";
defArray[420]="Full-length STUD located at each end of the HEADER and parallel to the TRIMMER.  The King STUD holds the HEADER and the TRIMMER in position.";
defArray[421]="Wiring system used before 1945.  Two strands of copper wire are run along framing by connecting them to porcelain knobs and through framing inside porcelain tubes.";
defArray[422]="Any type of DRYWALL texture which is flattened or smoothed.  Texture may be knocked down when it is semi-dry with a DRYWALL knife or it can be sanded after it is dry.";
defArray[423]="A heavy brown paper made of a sulfate pulp that is often used to face BATT INSULATION.  KRAFT PAPER is not resistant to fire, so kraft-faced BATT INSULATION must be covered with a fire-resistant material.";
defArray[424]="L-shaped FLASHING made from one continuous piece of metal.";
defArray[425]="Laminated veneer lumber or micro-laminated beam, made from thin layers of wood, called VENEERS, that are glued together.  The VENEER segments may run either perpendicular or parallel to the load and they have no arch or CAMBER.";
defArray[426]="Interlocking pattern formed in the VALLEY of a roof by overlapping SHINGLES in alternating rows, making a basket-weave pattern.";
defArray[427]="Most expensive type of COMPOSITION SHINGLE with laminated overlay strips which enhance the roof appearance.  LAMINATED SHINGLES may have an imprinted texture on their surface and may have from one to three laminated strips.  LAMINATED SHINGLES are commonly referred to as architectural SHINGLES.";
defArray[428]="Edge on a countertop which is made by covering the square front corner with plastic laminate.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[429]="Horizontal SIDING that is installed by overlapping the top edge of each course with the bottom edge of the course directly above it.";
defArray[430]="Tool used in building construction that projects a light beam out on a level plane for use as a reference in aligning objects so they are level (e.g. GRADE STAKES).";
defArray[431]="A wood, gypsum, or metal base over which PLASTER is spread.";
defArray[432]="A PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT made from lauan wood. See UNDERLAYMENT, PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT, PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT, GYPSUM-BASED UNDERLAYMENT, and UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[433]="Pan that is placed under a washer to catch water should the washer overflow.  The pan may catch and hold the water or channel the water into a drain.";
defArray[434]="Board which has been marked to show the distance between each of the TRUSSES, used while TRUSSES are being installed to ensure they are positioned properly.";
defArray[435]="Type of specialty shelves which revolve.";
defArray[436]="Electrical CONDUCTOR.";
defArray[437]="When something is parallel to the surface of the earth, forming a line that would be the same as the surface of a liquid at that height. See PLUMB.";
defArray[438]="True horizontal cut, when a member is installed.  The actual angle required for a LEVEL CUT is determined by the SLOPE of the member to be installed.  A LEVEL CUT is at right angles to the PLUMB CUT.";
defArray[439]="Each individual opening in the window unit that holds a WINDOW PANE.";
defArray[440]="A type of flooring made from ground cork and linseed oil.  Although LINOLEUM is no longer made in North America, it can still be imported from Europe.  Many people outside the construction industry say \"linoleum\" when they mean \"vinyl.\"";
defArray[441]="Horizontal structural member above a door or window opening that carries the weight of of the structure above it.";
defArray[442]="Temporary weight that will be placed on the STRUCTURAL PART, including snow, people, and furniture.";
defArray[443]="Members which extend out from the ROOF SYSTEM to support the FLY RAFTER.";
defArray[444]="Carpet PILE in which fibers are looped and both ends are attached to the carpet backing.  See PILE and CUT PILE.";
defArray[445]="Membrane that is placed between double panes of glass to filter light coming through the window.  Transfers more heat through the glass in the winter and blocks heat in the summer.";
defArray[446]="Wiring commonly used for television antennas, door bells, THERMOSTATS, intercoms, and some specialty lighting systems.";
defArray[447]="Water closet with a short tank which cannot usually be detached from the bowl.  See WATER CLOSET and TURBO TOILET.";
defArray[448]="A cabinet unit that is designed to sit on the floor.  Also called a base unit.  See VANITY CABINET, UPPER UNIT, and FULL HEIGHT CABINET.";
defArray[449]="Any texture that is applied to DRYWALL using a machine.";
defArray[450]="A set of large switches or breakers which allow electricity to the structure to be turned off without removing the meter.  On newer structures the MAIN DISCONNECT is located on the METER BASE.";
defArray[451]="Roof style with four sides similar to a HIP ROOF but each side is divided into an upper and lower section, the lower section having a steeper SLOPE than the upper section.  Often, the center of the MANSARD ROOF consists of a FLAT ROOF.";
defArray[452]="Trim or shelf above and around the fireplace opening.";
defArray[453]="The process of covering part of a surface that you do not want to paint during the present application. MASKING involves placing tape on materials adjacent to the surface being painted to keep them clean.  Typically MASKING is placed on trim that wil be painted or stained a different color that the surface it is attached to.";
defArray[454]="The art of arranging brick, stone, or block to form walls and other parts of a building.";
defArray[455]="MILLED CABINETS that are built in large quantities and in standard sizes.  They are sold in high volume through retailers.  See BUILT-IN CABINETS, MILLED CABINETS, and CUSTOM CABINETS.";
defArray[456]="AMERICAN STANDARD GAUGE unit of measure for wire sizes that are larger than four AUGHT.  Also see AMERICAN STANDARD GAUGE.";
defArray[457]="Type of pressed fiberboard often used in cabinet building.";
defArray[458]="A basic tool used to measure the length of materials. A measuring tape has marks on it which make it possible to read measurements with accuracy of up to 1/16th of an inch or more. Measuring tapes often have special marks at each 16\" interval for easy location of 16-inch-on-center framing members.";
defArray[459]="Solid sheet of waterproof material that covers an entire roof area.  The MEMBRANE is able to hold moisture for a short period of time until it drains off of the roof so it can be used on roofs with very low SLOPES.";
defArray[460]="On an overhead electrical drop, the MESSENGER CABLE is one of the three intertwined cables in the DROP WIRE which contains the neutral LEAD and carries the weight of the other LEADS.";
defArray[461]="Used to connect a wood column or post to a CONCRETE part.  It holds the wood member securely while preventing the long grains of the wood from directly contacting the moist CONCRETE.  This keeps the moisture that collects on the CONCRETE from being pulled into the wood by capillary action.";
defArray[462]="The base into which the power meter is attached.";
defArray[463]="Surface FINISH found on aluminum when it is extruded at the mill.";
defArray[464]="Cabinets built by a manufacturer in a cabinet mill.  See BUILT-IN CABINETS, CUSTOM CABINETS, and MASS PRODUCED CABINETS.";
defArray[465]="Material made from steel or copper slag.  MINERAL FIBERS do not burn easily and may be used as batt or blown-in-place insulation.   A common type of mineral fiber insulation is called rock wool.";
defArray[466]="A joint between two members at an angle to each other; each member is cut at an angle equal to one half the angle of the junction.  Most commonly, a 90 degree angle is formed by cutting the intersecting members at 45 degree angles, then joining them together.";
defArray[467]="SINGLE MEMBRANE roof system made from either asphalt or COAL TAR PITCH with added PLASTICISERS.  Installation methods for MODIFIED BITUMEN SYSTEMS include both HOT MOP and TORCH DOWN.";
defArray[468]="TRUSS that has only one SLOPE so that its outline is a TRIANGLE.  Generally installed to rest on an exterior wall and on an inside BEARING WALL or they will bear on the vertical member at the high end of the truss.  MONO TRUSSES may be used to form the outside portion of a MANSARD ROOF.";
defArray[469]="Also called mono-pour, it means \"one-pour.\"  A MONOLITHIC POUR includes the FOOTINGS, FOUNDATION, and floor slab.  They are all formed and then poured at the same time.  REBAR is installed either before or during the placement of the wet CONCRETE at the same positions it is found in other types of foundation/floor system construction where multiple pours are used.";
defArray[470]="Mixture of CEMENT, AGGREGATE and water which is placed between BLOCKS or bricks to bond them together.  The primary differences between MORTAR, GROUT, and CONCRETE are the ratio of materials used and the size of the AGGREGATE.  No coarse AGGREGATE such as gravel is used in MORTAR.  Sand is used as the only aggregate.";
defArray[471]="A type of ISOLATION MEMBRANE which is made by spreading a layer of MORTAR, usually between 1/2\" to 1-1/2\" thick, over the SUBSTRATE.  After the MORTAR BED dries, the tiles are attached.  See THINSET TILE, ISOLATION MEMBRANE, and CEMENT BOARD.";
defArray[472]="A recess cut into a surface to receive a tenon or lock.";
defArray[473]="Vertical part used to connect side-by-side window units.  Not to be confused with MUNTINS.";
defArray[474]="ROOF SYSTEM with more than one layer.  MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE roof systems are also called BUILT-UP ROOFS and hot tar roofs.  They are usually made from ROLL ROOFING materials that are BONDED together with asphalt.  A three-ply roof has a BASE SHEET, PLY SHEET, and CAP SHEET.  A five-ply roof has a BASE SHEET, three PLY SHEETS, and a CAP SHEET.  Hot tar (asphalt) is used to BOND the plies and make the roof water-tight.";
defArray[475]="Vertical or horizontal molding that divides the glass into separate LIGHTS.  Also see GRID and MULLION.";
defArray[476]="Commercial grade of hydrochloric acid used to clean MORTAR off stone and other MASONRY.";
defArray[477]="See STUD GUN and PNEUMATIC NAILER.";
defArray[478]="A naturally occurring transition in a material.  For example, on walls, natural breaks occur at corners or where one material such as painted walls intersects another type of material such as wallpaper.";
defArray[479]="One of three electrical CONDUCTORS provided to a residential structure.  It is connected with one of the current carrying LEADS to provide 120 volt power.";
defArray[480]="Vertical anchor post at the top and bottom of a stair system as well as at other transition or anchor points to which the TOP and BOTTOM RAILS are attached.  See BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[481]="Any wall that does not support a load above it, also called a PARTITION WALL. The primary purpose of a NON-BEARING WALL is to provide privacy.  A NON-BEARING WALL is a NON-STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[482]="Part of a building that is not essential for supporting a load or for keeping the structure intact.";
defArray[483]="The fourth of the six points of estimation, NUMBER is where the estimator calculates how many units of an item will be replaced.  For example, NUMBER includes calculating things such as the cubic yards of concrete in a slab or the square feet of drywall on a ceiling.";
defArray[484]="Grade of oak strip flooring which may have bright spots of sap, pinworm holes, machine defects, streaky or inconsistent color, grain variations and a few knots.  See SELECT AND BETTER OAK GRADE and NUMBER TWO COMMON OAK GRADE.";
defArray[485]="Grade of oak strip flooring which may have pronounced bright spots of sap, pinworm holes, machine defects, streaky or inconsistent color, grain variations, and knots.  Some defects found in NUMBER TWO COMMON OAK GRADE are so severe that the installer will want to cut out some bad spots or even discard some severely flawed strips of wood.    See SELECT AND BETTER OAK GRADE and NUMBER ONE COMMON OAK GRADE.";
defArray[486]="A carpet made from man-made nylon fibers.  See WOOL CARPET, BERBER CARPET, INDOOR-OUTDOOR CARPET, SCULPTURED CARPET, and SHAG CARPET.";
defArray[487]="The distance between two parallel framing members measured from the center of one member to the center of the next.  Typically, wall studs are 12\", 16\", or 24\" ON CENTER.";
defArray[488]="Course of brick in which the vertical joint between bricks is one fourth of the way across the length of the brick in the COURSE below it.";
defArray[489]="Course of brick in which the vertical joint between bricks is one third of the way across the length of the brick in the COURSE below it.";
defArray[490]="An agency which will mark the location of all utility lines, usually using stakes, flags, or painting lines.  This service is not available in all areas, and the name of the agency varies from state to state.";
defArray[491]="Items that are simply counted or measured in just one direction. \"Each\" and \"Lineal Feet\" are examples of one-dimensional units of measure.";
defArray[492]="A handrail piece that is used to turn a 90-degree corner.  See TOP RAIL, VOLUTE, GOOSE NECK, and BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[493]="Method of FLASHING the VALLEY of a roof in which the corrosion-resistant FLASHING material is left exposed while SHINGLES from each side overlap the edges of the FLASHING.";
defArray[494]="Finish applied to DRYWALL with a machine that splatters mud onto the walls, leaving a bumpy texture that is similar to the pattern on an orange peel.";
defArray[495]="The mathematic rules which specify the order in which mathematic operations must be accomplished to produce the correct result. The ORDER OF OPERATIONS is as follows: 1. Operations inside parenthesis 2. Squares and square roots 3. Multiplication and division 4. Addition and subtraction.";
defArray[496]="COMPOSITION SHINGLES made with an organic mat.";
defArray[497]="The second of the six points of estimation, ORGANIZATION is the method used to document the loss.  ORGANIZATION often begins with an accurate and detailed diagram.  Next, the loss is typically organized into interior and exterior areas.  The interior is organized by levels, such as the basement, main floor, and attic.  Each level is then broken down into rooms. The estimate should usually start in the room and level where the damage point of origin is found.  Other rooms are estimated in a clockwise (or counter-clockwise) direction from the first room.  Center rooms and halls are estimated last.  When all rooms in a level are complete, the estimator moves to the next level and repeats the procedure, usually starting in the most heavily damaged room.";
defArray[498]="Type of wood product used for SHEATHING, it is produced by gluing together three layers of wood chips or strands that are smaller than the chips used in WAFERBOARD and are longer than they are wide.  The chips in the top and bottom layers are parallel to the length of the panel, and the chips in the center layer are perpendicular.";
defArray[499]="Acronym for Occupational Safety and Health Administration, this federally funded agency in the Department of Labor seeks to develop job safety and health standards.";
defArray[500]="Corner formed where two surfaces meet at more than a 180-degree angle.";
defArray[501]="Horizontal distance that an EAVE or RAKE extends beyond the exterior wall of the structure.";
defArray[502]="Door commonly found on garages, mounted in a track or frame that enables it to move above the opening when in the open position.";
defArray[503]="SIDING joint made by placing the edge of a piece of SIDING over a previously installed piece of SIDING.";
defArray[504]="Waterproof seam created by placing the edge of one long side of a metal roofing panel over the long edge of the panel adjacent to it.  A GASKET may be placed along the seam.";
defArray[505]="The process of laying a new layer of shingles on top of an old layer of shingles.  Overlaying shingles can make a roof more susceptible to hail damage.";
defArray[506]="Fine particles of paint that are carried in the air from the PAINT SPRAYER.  These particles may then land on other surfaces which are not intended to be painted.";
defArray[507]="A plumbing part \u2014\ shaped like the letter P \u2014\ that holds water inside which traps sewer gases in the line and prevents them from entering the structure.";
defArray[508]="Trim material which has flaws or joints that will be hidden if the material is painted.";
defArray[509]="High-pressure paint pump that sprays paint through a sprayer tip or nozzle onto the surface.  The two types of PAINT SPRAYERS are air powered and airless.";
defArray[510]="U-shaped roofing tile that forms the troughs in a BARREL TILE roof.";
defArray[511]="Tiny fibers that are raised in the DRYWALL surface when sanded excessively.";
defArray[512]="A four-sided shape in which the diagonals drawn from opposite corners are not equal, and opposite sides are parallel to each other.";
defArray[513]="Often found around FLAT ROOF systems, a PARAPET WALL is a low wall that rises above the ROOF DECK.";
defArray[514]="Wood floor which consists of small pieces of wood that are arranged into a specific design.  PARQUET FLOORING is generally made from pre-manufactured interlocking blocks.  See PLANK FLOORING, STRIP FLOORING, and PLUG-AND-PLANK FLOORING.";
defArray[515]="An UNDERLAYMENT made from small wood chips, or particles, which are glued together. Particleboard is the most common type of vinyl floor underlayment.  See UNDERLAYMENT, PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, LAUAN PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT, GYPSUM-BASED UNDERLAYMENT, and UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[516]="Also called a NON-BEARING WALL, a PARTITION WALL is any wall that does not support a load above it.  Its primary purpose is to provide privacy; it is a NON-STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[517]="Interior DOOR HARDWARE which does not lock.  See PRIVACY HARDWARE.";
defArray[518]="One of three layers of material typically found in vinyl floor covering.  The PATTERN LAYER is the inner foam layer which is sandwiched between the backing and the WEAR LAYER.  See WEAR LAYER and BACKING LAYER.";
defArray[519]="RAFTER used as a guide for making all other COMMON RAFTERS.";
defArray[520]="Any tile or MASONRY unit that can be used as a surface upon which one may drive or walk.";
defArray[521]="A type of plastic plumbing pipe made from polybutylene or PB.";
defArray[522]="A system which distributes hot and cold water to individual plumbing fixtures from a single panel of valves.";
defArray[523]="AGGREGATE or stones roughly the size of peas.";
defArray[524]="Highest part of the roof where the roof planes meet, also called the RIDGE.";
defArray[525]="A measurement of nail size, usually indicated by a \"d.\"  For example, 2d indicates a 2 penny nail.  The higher the number of PENNIES the longer the nail.  A 2d nail is 1\" long and a 60d nail is 6\" long.  The most common framing nail is 16d, which is 3 1/2\" long.  See COMMON NAILS, GUN NAILS, BOX NAILS, and SINKERS.";
defArray[526]="General movement of liquid through soil.";
defArray[527]="The measurement around the outside of an object. The PERIMETER of a rectangle or triangle is the sum of the lengths of its sides. On a circle the PERIMETER is also referred to as the circumference, and is calculated by multiplying pi (3.14) and the diameter.";
defArray[528]="A type of BACKING used on some types of specialty vinyl floor covering and should be installed with adhesive placed only around the perimeter of the room.  Trowel marks in the adhesive will often show through vinyls with PERIMETER BACKING.  See BACKING LAYER.";
defArray[529]="Drain line that runs around the perimeter of the structure.  Usually constructed from pipe that is perforated so that water can seep into it and then be carried away.  The drain pipe is usually buried in washed, course AGGREGATE or crushed rock, and covered by a SILT BARRIER.  Designed to drain off ground water before it can overcome the FOUNDATION DAMPPROOFING system.";
defArray[530]="The first of the six points of estimation, PERSPECTIVE is where the estimator gains an understanding of the loss and decides where and how to proceed.  Perspective includes such things as determining the type of structure, learning what caused the damage, noting subrogation issues, locating the damage point of origin, taking photos, and developing a theory of the total effect of the damaging event.";
defArray[531]="A mathematical constant used in many calculations involving CIRCLES. PI is equal to 3.141596... but is rounded to 3.14 for use in this course.";
defArray[532]="Vertical column that provides support for a large load.  The sizes and numbers of PIERS are determined by a STRUCTURAL ENGINEER.  The base of the PIER is usually sized so that it is large enough to act as a FOOTING.";
defArray[533]="Structure utilizing PIERS and GRADE BEAMS to lower the FOOTINGS to a level that they will rest on bedrock or stable soil.  This type of construction is commonly used on steep hillsides.  The PIERS act like cleats by holding the structure on the hillside, and the GRADE BEAMS rest on the PIERS to support the structure.";
defArray[534]="Carpet fibers which have been attached to a carpet backing.  See LOOP PILE and CUT PILE.";
defArray[535]="Compound placed on threads that helps to seal threaded pipe joints.";
defArray[536]="FLASHING that is placed around any pipe that penetrates the roof.  A GASKET-like sleeve fits around the pipe, and its base slides under the upper SHINGLE and over the lower SHINGLE.";
defArray[537]="Expression of the angle of a RAFTER as a ratio of total RISE over SPAN.";
defArray[538]="A method of cutting boards from a log by sawing from one side of the log to the other. The grain in plain sawn boards can vary from a 45 degree angle to the face of the board to a grain that is almost parallel to the face of the board depending upon where the board was cut from the log. See QUARTERSAWING.";
defArray[539]="A set of pictures of a building showing it from different views. A PLAN provides instruction for the construction of the building depicted.";
defArray[540]="Another name for FLOOR PLAN.";
defArray[541]="Wood floor containing wood strips that are over 3-1/4\\\" wide.  See STRIP FLOORING, PARQUET FLOORING, and PLUG-AND-PLANK FLOORING.";
defArray[542]="Made from concrete, water and aggregate as are CONCRETE, GROUT and MORTAR.  It is mixed using sand as its AGGREGATE, using no coarse AGGREGATES such as gravel.  It produces a hard, concrete-like surface.  PLASTER is often used as a finish coat on the exterior of a BLOCK wall.";
defArray[543]="Type of countertop in which PLASTIC LAMINATE veneer is glued over supporting material that is usually made from PLYWOOD or medium density fiberboard (MDF).  In practice, many people refer to PLASTIC LAMINATE by the brand name FORMICA.  See SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, STONE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[544]="Additives that increase the flexibility of a material.  Examples of PLASTICISERS include SBS and APP.";
defArray[545]="Refers to the softness of concrete, mortar, or soil or to how easy it is to mold and shape.  CONCRETE that has a high PLASTICITY flows easily and is easy to work with.  When CONCRETE loses its PLASTICITY, it becomes hard and can no longer be worked.";
defArray[546]="Horizontal framing member of the wall that is used to hold the STUDS in place.  It is specifically called the bottom or top PLATE depending on its location.";
defArray[547]="Mirror made from high-quality glass that can be up to 1-1/4\" thick.  A PLATE GLASS MIRROR can be glued directly to the wall, held in a frame that is hung on the wall, or held in place with plastic clips.";
defArray[548]="Main ducts that connect to the furnace.";
defArray[549]="One of the five basic views found on a PLAN. PLOT PLAN is a view from which you are looking directly down on the lot or plot of land, showing the structure in place along with the lot boundaries and easements.";
defArray[550]="Wood flooring which is installed by installing fasteners through the tops of boards.  Holes for fasteners are pre-drilled along with a countersink hole.  After the fasteners are tightened into place, the holes are filled with plugs which are usually sanded level with the finish floor.   See PLANK FLOORING, STRIP FLOORING and PARQUET FLOORING.";
defArray[551]="When something is exactly straight up and down and is perpendicular to a LEVEL line, it is called PLUMB.";
defArray[552]="True vertical cut when a member is installed.  The actual angle required for a PLUMB CUT is determined by the SLOPE of the member.  A PLUMB CUT is at a right angle to the LEVEL CUT.";
defArray[553]="A vertical pipe in a WASTE system that extends from the underground drain line up through the roof.  The PLUMBING STACK provides a central collection point which carries WASTE to the SEWER LATERAL.";
defArray[554]="Layer of built-up roofing sandwiched between the BASE SHEET and the CAP SHEET.  The more plies included in the MULTIPLE PLY MEMBRANE roof system, the higher the quality.";
defArray[555]="Type of wood product used for SHEATHING produced by gluing together several thin layers or VENEERS of wood.  Each layer is called a ply.   The grain of each ply runs perpendicular to the next ply.  There is an odd number of plys so that the exposed surface grain on both sides runs in the same direction.";
defArray[556]="An UNDERLAYMENT made from plywood that has been specially manufactured for use as a vinyl floor UNDERLAYMENT.  See UNDERLAYMENT, PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT, LAUAN PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT, GYPSUM-BASED UNDERLAYMENT, and UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[557]="Tool which uses compressed air to drive a nail \u2014\ usually into wood, but it can drive special nails into hard surfaces like CONCRETE.";
defArray[558]="Sliding door which rolls on a track and opens into a cavity in the wall.";
defArray[559]="The point from which the damage began.  For example, in a fire, the point of origin is where the fire started.";
defArray[560]="Water-based PRIMER commonly used on DRYWALL.  When used on wood, PVA can cause raised grains.";
defArray[561]="Finish applied to DRYWALL ceilings that contains large clumps of texturing material similar to popcorn or cottage cheese.  Also called acoustic texture or COTTAGE CHEESE TEXTURE.";
defArray[562]="FOUNDATION system or building support system made from posts and beams.  Diagonal supports are often installed to help keep the posts vertical.";
defArray[563]="Type of PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP that includes an integral rolled BACKSPLASH and a rolled front edge.  POST-FORMED COUNTERTOPS are fabricated in a shop.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP and FLAT-LAID COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[564]="Loose insulation which comes in bags and is poured into place.  Most commonly used to fill cavities in masonry walls.";
defArray[565]="Paint roller with a pump unit attached to bring the paint onto the roller so it can be spread evenly on the surface.";
defArray[566]="Electric fan in the vent is turned on by a thermostat to pull the air through the attic space.  May be placed inside a vent placed on the ROOF DECK or inside a GABLE VENT.";
defArray[567]="An association which produces standards and methods for joining and installing plastic pipes and fittings.";
defArray[568]="Door unit which comes with the JAMB assembled, door stop in place, and the slab connected to the JAMB with hinges.";
defArray[569]="Wallpaper with adhesive that has been applied to the paper and then dehydrated.  PRE-PASTED WALLPAPER can be attached by dipping it into water and then placing it on the wall.  In practice, many installers will apply a thin layer of paste.";
defArray[570]="Used with a water pump to provide pressure in plumbing lines when the pump is not running.  The PRESSURE TANK contains water and air.  As water is pumped into the PRESSURE TANK, the air compresses.  When a faucet is opened, the air pressure in the tank pushes the water through the lines.  When pressure drops below a preset limit, the pump turns on.  When the pressure in the tank reaches a preset high level, the pump turns off.";
defArray[571]="Lumber which has had chemicals forced into it by pressure to make it more resistant to moisture-related rot.";
defArray[572]="Water that is not fit for human consumption but is provided to a structure for use as irrigation water for plants and lawns.";
defArray[573]="First coat of paint applied to a surface used to seal the surface and provide a good base to which the paint may adhere.";
defArray[574]="Interior DOOR HARDWARE that locks.  See PASSAGE HARDWARE.";
defArray[575]="A pattern left on a surface that was exposed to heat and smoke.  Items on the surface, such as appliances and dishes, protect the areas they rest on from heat and smoke.  When the surface is cleaned, a pattern remains because the exposed areas discolor more than do the areas that were covered.";
defArray[576]="Common abbreviation for pounds per square inch; unit of measure used to specify the strength of CONCRETE.";
defArray[577]="A handle used on drawers and cabinet doors.";
defArray[578]="Furnace which produces heat through multiple explosions of gas.";
defArray[579]="Horizontal member that spans across adjacent RAFTERS or beams, commonly installed to provide a fastening surface for the roofing material.";
defArray[580]="Type of plastic used to make elastomeric roof MEMBRANES as well as plumbing pipes, fittings, conduit, and fences.";
defArray[581]="A mathematic relationship between sides of right triangles specifying that the length of the HYPOTENUSE (longest side) squared equals the sum of the lengths of the other two sides squared. It is often expressed as: \"a² + b² = c².\" The theorem can be used to solve for any side of a right triangle where the lengths of the other two sides are known. To solve for side \"a,\" use the formula \"a² = c² - b².\" To solve for side \"b,\" use the formula \"b² = c² - a².\"";
defArray[582]="An outlet with four ports.";
defArray[583]="Type of tile generally used for interior floors or exterior PAVERS.  QUARRY TILES are generally between 3/8\\\" and 1/2\\\" thick and can be made from porcelain, SLATE, or natural clay.  See CERAMIC MOSAIC TILE and GLAZED WALL TILE.";
defArray[584]="A method of cutting boards from a log by sawing from the bark side of the log toward the center axis of the log.  The method is called QUARTERSAWING because logs are usually split into quarters before they are sawn. Quartersawn boards have a consistent grain that runs at a 45- to 90-degree angle to the face of the board.  See PLAIN SAWING.";
defArray[585]="Large stones, usually rectangular, used as decorative corners.  Generally installed to protrude or recess from the structure.";
defArray[586]="SIDING joint made by thinning the edge of two boards to about half their width and then overlapping the two thinned edges.";
defArray[587]="Heat that travels in waves and increases the temperature of objects that it encounters.  Examples of radiant heat systems include electric heat panels in ceilings, hot water tubes in floors, steam and hot water RADIATORS, and fireplaces.";
defArray[588]="Heating device that transfers heat from water or steam running inside of it to the air and objects around it.";
defArray[589]="A line extending from the center of a circle to the outside edge. It is equal to one-half the DIAMETER of the circle.";
defArray[590]="Sloped roof framing member that supports the roof SHEATHING as well as LIVE and DEAD LOADS that are placed on the roof.";
defArray[591]="The side supports of a ladder into which the RUNGS attach.";
defArray[592]="A horizontal member on the cabinet FACE FRAME.  See STILE.";
defArray[593]="A solid wood panel used in a frame and panel cabinet door.  The edges of the panel are shaped to a thin edge so the panel will fit into the slots in the surrounding frame.  See FRAME AND PANEL CABINET DOOR, SLAB CABINET DOOR and FLAT PANEL.";
defArray[594]="Door made from panels, usually framed and held in place by stiles and rails.  Simulated RAISED PANEL DOORS are also made from pressed-wood fibers.";
defArray[595]="Edge at the end of a sloping roof plane.  For example, the roof edge at the top of the gable end wall is a RAKE.";
defArray[596]="MORTAR joint between courses of brick in which the mason uses a tool called a rake to remove the excess MORTAR to create a uniform depth.";
defArray[597]="A self-contained, usually freestanding unit which contains an oven and top burners.  See HIGH-LOW RANGE and RESTAURANT STYLE RANGE.";
defArray[598]="Coarse file used to smooth and shape wood.";
defArray[599]="Type of small mosaic tile which come pre-fastened to a mat.  READY-SET TILE are much faster to install than individual mosaic tile.";
defArray[600]="Common type of REINFORCING STEEL used in CONCRETE to increase the strength of the STRUCTURAL PART.  The number of a REBAR refers to its diameter in 1/8 inches. For example, number 3 REBAR is 3/8ths inch in diameter.  Rebar is usually heavily ribbed so that when CONCRETE hardens around these ribs the bar will be held firmly in place.";
defArray[601]="A urethane foam carpet pad made by gluing small pieces of foam together.  See SYNTHETIC FELT PAD, WAFFLE TYPE SPONGE RUBBER PAD, AND HIGH DENSITY URETHANE FOAM PAD.";
defArray[602]="Medicine cabinet which is recessed into the wall, usually between two STUDS.  See SURFACE-MOUNT MEDICINE CABINET.";
defArray[603]="SHINGLES made from high-grade wood with some slight SAPWOOD and very little flat grain.  Most residential structures use RED or BLUE LABEL SHINGLES.";
defArray[604]="Gas that expands as it absorbs heat and compresses as it gives off heat.";
defArray[605]="Steel which is buried in the CONCRETE to provide added strength.  Usually a reinforcing bar called REBAR, it contributes substantially to the strength of the CONCRETE STRUCTURAL PART.";
defArray[606]="Thin strip of plastic attached to the underside of COMPOSITION SHINGLES to prevent SHINGLES from sticking together during shipment.  When installed, the release film lines up with the SEALANT STRIP on the face of the shingle in the course below.  When heated by the sun, asphalt penetrates the release film and BONDS to the SEALANT STRIP of the shingles in the underlying course.";
defArray[607]="Powder spread on the CONCRETE surface before a CONCRETE STAMP is used.  Prevents the CONCRETE STAMP from sticking to the CONCRETE and adds a second color to the CONCRETE.";
defArray[608]="The process of determining whether an item is repairable or should be replaced. If an item can be made to look and function the same as it did before the damaging event \u2014\ at a cost that is less than replacement cost \u2014\ it should be repaired.  If not, it should be replaced.";
defArray[609]="A gas range that generally has six burners and two ovens.  Some of the burners may be replaced with a griddle or fryer and one or both of the ovens may be CONVECTION.  See RANGE and HIGH-LOW RANGE.";
defArray[610]="Vertical SIDING in which narrow boards called BATTENS are installed first with gaps between them.  Wider boards are then installed over the gaps.";
defArray[611]="Highest part of the roof where the roof planes meet, also called the PEAK.";
defArray[612]="Upper-most framing member on a roof to which the tops of the RAFTERS are nailed.  It is also sometimes called the RIDGE RAFTER or the RIDGE piece.";
defArray[613]="Vent placed along the RIDGE of the roof.  It allows ventilation of the roof by raising the LEVEL of the RIDGE slightly leaving room for air flow.  A filtration fabric placed in the side vents allows air to move through while preventing insects from entering.";
defArray[614]="A three-sided shape which includes a 90-degree angle between two of its sides.";
defArray[615]="Sink with edges that overlap the hole in the countertop.  RIMLESS SINKS are usually made of heavy materials such as cast iron.";
defArray[616]="Sink with a rim that attaches to the edge of the sink and to the countertop.";
defArray[617]="Vertical height of the roof as measured from the level of the wall TOP PLATE to the RIDGE BOARD.";
defArray[618]="Part of a stair that is placed vertically between two TREADS.";
defArray[619]="TAMPING technique that involves consolidating CONCRETE by the use of a push stick or rod.";
defArray[620]="Roofing material produced in rolls, made by saturating organic mat with asphalt or coal-tar pitch and embedding mineral granules on the surface exposed to the weather.";
defArray[621]="Tile SHINGLES that use caps and pans that form a series of PEAKS and VALLEYS on the finished roof.  ROLL TILES include BARREL and S TILES.";
defArray[622]="STANDING SEAM roof in which the panels are placed next to each other with standing edges touching.  The edges are then mechanically crimped to fasten and seal the seam.";
defArray[623]="Any wall covering that is provided in rolls.  Examples include: fabric, vinyl, and paper.";
defArray[624]="Common type of residential CLUSTERED WIRING.  See CLUSTERED WIRING.";
defArray[625]="Surface of the SHEATHING placed over the roof framing.";
defArray[626]="The entire roof system, including rafters or trusses, bracing, sheathing, rough fascia, ridge boards, fasteners, and so forth.  All elements of the roof system work together to form a diaphragm that resists wind and other forces and secures the top of exterior walls.";
defArray[627]="Used with a roof MEMBRANE system, it fastens into the ROOF DECK and carries water into a drain pipe.  It is usually covered with a strainer that filters out leaves and other debris that may clog the drain pipe.";
defArray[628]="This includes the roof framing, SHEATHING, TRUSSES, and roofing material.  It is a STRUCTURAL PART because it helps hold the BEARING WALLS in place, resisting forces that attempt to move the walls such as wind and earthquakes.";
defArray[629]="Asphalt-saturated organic mat that is produced in rolls.  Used as SHINGLE or SIDING underlayment, or anywhere a moisture-resistant barrier is needed.  Also called tar paper or organic felt.";
defArray[630]="A circular or oval decorative wood piece used at the termination of a stair rail into a wall.  See BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[631]="Any electrical device or part that will be hidden by, or embedded in, the FINISH wall.";
defArray[632]="Horizontal member which is fastened to the vertical edge of the RAFTER TAIL or TRUSS and later covered by the FASCIA.  Also commonly referred to as the Sub-Fascia.";
defArray[633]="The initial process of placing wet CONCRETE at the approximate desired level.  The final level is applied later, when the surface is finished with the desired texture, after the CONCRETE has lost some, but not all, of its PLASTICITY.";
defArray[634]="Initial construction work that will be hidden by the floor, wall or ceiling finish.  ROUGH-IN work for the plumbing, HVAC, and electrical trades is completed prior to the covering of walls and ceilings.  Completion of the ROUGH-IN usually means all parts which penetrate through the wall, floor and roof SHEATHING are in place.  The ROUGH-IN work for these four trades is reviewed in the FOUR WAY INSPECTION before the walls or ceilings are covered.";
defArray[635]="The process of rounding, either up or down, the numbers after the decimal point to the desired precision, i.e. if the third digit after the decimal point is five or higher and the desired precision is 1/100th, you should increase the second digit after the decimal point by one; if the third digit after the decimal point is four or lower, leave the second digit as is.";
defArray[636]="The process of rounding dimensions to the nearest unit of desired precision, i.e. a measurement ending with a fraction less than 3/8 inch and a desired precision of 1/2 inch should be rounded down to the next lower inch.";
defArray[637]="Rounding up a material quantity calculation so that a fractional portion is equal to a multiple of the amount contained in the smallest package in which the material may be purchased.";
defArray[638]="Power tool used to cut holes or openings into wood panels without the need to start at an edge.  A ROUTER is also used to make decorative pattern cuts in wood.";
defArray[639]="COURSE of brick laid on edge with their ends exposed.";
defArray[640]="SHINGLE underlayment which adheres to the ROOF DECK and seals around SHINGLE nails driven through it during installation.  Also referred to as bituthene, ice shield, or storm shield, it is placed on the roof where ICE-DAMMING may occur to prevent water that may pass through the SHINGLES from damaging the structure.";
defArray[641]="Distance from the outer face of the exterior wall to the point directly below the RIDGE of the roof is the RUN of one side of the roof.";
defArray[642]="A rod or bar that forms the step in a ladder.  Rungs attach to the two side RAILS of the ladder.";
defArray[643]="Tile with a serpentine \"S\" shape.  Also commonly referred to as Spanish tile.";
defArray[644]="Connection which is used to tap into existing water supply lines.  The SADDLE T is clamped onto the pipe.  When the valve is opened, a drill bit-like point pierces the pipe and allows water into the SADDLE T and the pipe connected to it.";
defArray[645]="Course of brick with each brick set vertically with the face, the long-wide side, of the brick exposed.";
defArray[646]="Wood found near the surface of the tree, between the bark and the HEARTWOOD. SAPWOOD is lighter in color and less resistant to decay than HEARTWOOD.";
defArray[647]="Groove cut by a CIRCULAR SAW blade.";
defArray[648]="Specially shaped COUNTERFLASHING that is pressed into a SAW KERF cut in masonry to prevent water penetration.";
defArray[649]="PLASTICISER used in the HOT-MOP type of MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF SYSTEMS.";
defArray[650]="TRUSS where the BOTTOM CHORD is not horizontal.  It is used where a sloped ceiling is desired in the inside of the building.  The SLOPE of the BOTTOM CHORD is always less than the SLOPE of the TOP CHORD.";
defArray[651]="BASE COAT of STUCCO.  The purpose of the SCRATCH COAT is to cover the mesh or metal attached to the exterior wall and provide a surface to which successive coats may bond.  See also BROWN COAT and FINISH COAT.";
defArray[652]="Piece of wood or other material used to align newly poured CONCRETE to reference marks established prior to the pour.";
defArray[653]="Type of premium carpet in which the carpet PILE is cut in varying lengths to produce designs in the carpet.  See WOOL CARPET, NYLON CARPET, BERBER CARPET, INDOOR-OUTDOOR CARPET, and SHAG CARPET.";
defArray[654]="Opening in a PARAPET WALL, usually several inches above the ROOF DECK, that provides a secondary system for water to drain from a FLAT ROOF system if the roof drains fail.  On some older structures SCUPPERS are the primary roof drain system and are positioned at the ROOF DECK line.";
defArray[655]="See SEALANT STRIP.";
defArray[656]="Strips of asphalt placed on the face of the SHINGLE where they will be covered by shingles in the course above.  When the shingle is warmed by the sun, the sealant strip adheres to the shingle above,  thus creating a tight, wind-resistent connection.";
defArray[657]="A coat of paint that is designed to seal a stain so it doesn't leach through the paint.  At the same time, SEALER provides a chemically ideal surface with which the finish paint coat can bond.";
defArray[658]="A coat of sealer applied to a substrate to protect it from being stained by something that may drop or spill on it.";
defArray[659]="Aluminum gutter is often called SEAMLESS GUTTER because each straight section is made without seams.";
defArray[660]="One of the five basic views found on a PLAN. A SECTION is a view of the building as though it had been sliced through vertically and opened up so you could see what is inside. It may be thought of as a view showing a dissection of the building.";
defArray[661]="Grade of oak strip flooring in which at least 50% of the wood is clear of defects except for a few small bright spots of sap.  The other 50% may have pinworm holes, machine defects, and no more than one small tight knot for every three lineal feet of wood.  See NUMBER ONE COMMON OAK GRADE and NUMBER TWO COMMON OAK GRADE.";
defArray[662]="An oven designed to clean materials that may have splashed or spilled inside by heating to such high temperatures that the material falls off the surfaces of the oven or can easily be brushed off.   See CONTINUOUS-CLEANING OVEN AND CONVECTION OVEN.";
defArray[663]="Type of screw, commonly used with light GAUGE metal, that has a drill bit-style tip that forms its own hole in the metal.";
defArray[664]="Paint with a medium reflective finish.    SEMI-GLOSS PAINT has a higher sheen than FLAT PAINT but a lower sheen than HIGH-GLOSS PAINT.";
defArray[665]="Holding tank which treats WASTE with the help of bacteria and discharges clarified liquid into the soil through a DRAIN FIELD.";
defArray[666]="A carpet seam that is made by seaming two pieces of carpet that have been cut in meandering curved or S-shaped patterns.  SERPENTINE SEAMS are more time consuming and difficult to install than straight seams but are believed to make the seam less visible.  See STRAIGHT SEAM.";
defArray[667]="Distance from the property line to the foundation of the structure.  Minimum SET BACKS are established by local government to maintain desired appearance standards by keeping structures from being built too close to the edge of the property.";
defArray[668]="Pipe which connects the structure to the city sewage system or SEPTIC TANK.";
defArray[669]="Short section of pipe connected to the main sewer line or septic tank and extending toward the home.  It is designed so the drain line coming from the home can easily be connected to it.  The FOOTINGS on a full basement home should be positioned so that the stub is lower than the bottom of the footings.  This ensures a downhill slope for a sewer line extending from under the footing out to the stub.";
defArray[670]="Carpet with a long PILE.  See WOOL CARPET, NYLON CARPET, BERBER CARPET, INDOOR-OUTDOOR CARPET, and SCULPTURED CARPET.";
defArray[671]="Thirty pound ROOFING FELT in rolls half as (usually 18\") wide.";
defArray[672]="Roof constructed from roofing material made from hand-split wood.  Shakes come in three thicknesses \u2014\ thin, medium, and heavy \u2014\ and are usually made from cedar with relatively straight grain and free of knots.  See also HAND-SPLIT AND RESAWN SHAKE and TAPERSAWN SHAKE.";
defArray[673]="Machine with revolving cutters which is used to cut moldings and other irregular outlines.";
defArray[674]="Pressure required to break the attachment between two members, causing them to slide across each other.  For example, if the nail attaching two panels is severed by shear force, the members will slide.";
defArray[675]="Usually a PLYWOOD or ORIENTED STRAND BOARD sheet that covers the wall from the top PLATE to the bottom PLATE.  When nailed in place, this sheet resists SHEAR FORCES applied to the wall which try to move it out of square.";
defArray[676]="The covering placed over the top of FLOOR JOISTS, roof TRUSSES, or on the exterior of the walls of a structure.  SHEATHING is usually a lumber product such as PLYWOOD, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB), wafer board, or dimension lumber.";
defArray[677]="Roof style that consists of a single plane that SLOPES in one direction.";
defArray[678]="Exterior FINISH material that comes in sheets, usually 4 feet wide by 8, 9, or 10 feet long.";
defArray[679]="Materials such as PLYWOOD and MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF) which come in sheets.";
defArray[680]="Thin, tapered piece of wood used to adjust or fill the space between two building members such as the window and the rough framing.";
defArray[681]="Thin piece of roofing material made from wood, asphalt, FIBERGLASS, SLATE, CONCRETE, tile, or other materials.  SHINGLES are attached to the roof in COURSES that overlap to provide water-proofing to sloping roofs by moving the water down and away from the structure.";
defArray[682]="On COMPOSITION SHINGLES, the SHINGLE mat after it has been saturated with asphalt or coal tar pitch but before granules, talc, or other materials have been embedded into the surface.";
defArray[683]="Horizontal SIDING which has been rabbeted on both long edges.  A weathertight connection is formed when the RABBET JOINT on the upper piece overlaps the RABBET JOINT on the bottom piece.";
defArray[684]="FOOTING form that is typically made by thickening the CONCRETE floor slab, usually formed by using a shovel to trench the area that is to be filled by the SHOVEL FOOTING.  They generally lie directly under the center BEARING WALLS of a structure.";
defArray[685]="Non-corrosive pan that covers the base of the shower and runs partway up the wall.";
defArray[686]="Specific name for the JAMB located on each side of the inside of window and door openings.";
defArray[687]="Common exterior FINISH installed on walls to keep moisture and wind out of the building and to provide an attractive appearance.  SIDING may be made from wood, pressed wood byproducts, hardboard, vinyl, or metal.";
defArray[688]="Long, narrow strip of trim commonly used to cover vertical joints on vertical exterior SIDING.";
defArray[689]="Framing member that forms the bottom edge of the window opening.";
defArray[690]="Material placed over the course AGGREGATE of a PERIMETER DRAIN system which allows water to enter the drain system while preventing silt (ie: dirt) from filtering down and clogging the system.";
defArray[691]="Window unit that opens by sliding the lower WINDOW SASH up, over the fixed upper sash.";
defArray[692]="ROOF SYSTEM with just one waterproof layer.  The most common types of SINGLE MEMBRANE roofs are modified bitumen and ELASTOMERIC ROOF SYSTEMS.";
defArray[693]="WINDOW PANE that has only one sheet of glass.  See also THERMAL PANE and TRIPLE PANE.";
defArray[694]="FLUE consisting of a single metal pipe.";
defArray[695]="Teflon-coated COMMON NAILS used to minimize the splitting of lumber because they are easier to hammer into the wood.  Disapproved by some engineers because the Teflon coating that allows them to more easily slip into the wood may also allow them to more easily slip out of the wood.";
defArray[696]="A method for estimating a loss using six steps.  Combining the first letter of each step spells the word \"points.\"  The six points of estimation are PERSPECTIVE, ORGANIZATION, IDENTIFICATION, NUMBER, TECHNIQUE, and SUPPORTING EVENTS.";
defArray[697]="Compound that is placed on wood, plaster, or other porous surfaces to fill the pores; thus preparing the surface for additional finishes.";
defArray[698]="Decorative trim, usually made from a wood board, that is installed on the wall below exposed stairs which trims the area around or just below the exposed ends of the treads and risers. See STAIR BRACKET and BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[699]="A cabinet door made from a single piece of material.  A flush SLAB DOOR is typically made from MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF) or PLYWOOD and is either painted or covered with VENEER.  Sometimes decorative patterns are carved into its surface or decorative moldings are attached. See FRAME AND PANEL CABINET DOOR.";
defArray[700]="Heavy metamorphic rock available in several different colors.  Used in flooring, roofing, and wall panels.  Roofing slate comes in a variety of colors classified as unfading or weathering.  Unfading colors stay very close to their original color throughout their life.  Weathering colors change as they age.";
defArray[701]="Strip of wood, PLYWOOD, or any material which will isolate wood flooring from contact with a concrete floor.  The most common SLEEPERS are made from wood strips.  SLEEPERS are placed over a concrete floor, then the wood flooring is nailed to the SLEEPERS.";
defArray[702]="Hand tool with an edge that can be adjusted and then locked into position to mark angles for specific layouts.";
defArray[703]="Window unit that opens by sliding one WINDOW SASH past another horizontally.";
defArray[704]="VENEER produced by sliding, or \"slipping,\" pieces of veneer next to each other.  The grain of SLIP MATCHED VENEER appears to run along the entire surface.   See VENEER, WHOLE PIECE VENEER, BOOK MATCHED VENEER, and UNMATCHED VENEER.";
defArray[705]="Light roofing paper or thin fabric which allows the PVC roof MEMBRANE to easily slip over the foam insulation without rubbing and suffering damage.";
defArray[706]="Incline of the roof.  Amount of RISE for every twelve inches of RUN.";
defArray[707]="MASONRY unit that is made by removing the forms before the CONCRETE is completely dry.  The CONCRETE sags, or slumps, causing the BLOCK to have a rounded look.  SLUMP BLOCK may be colored with a concrete dye ADMIXTURE or by painting the surface of the BLOCK.  Also called slump stone.";
defArray[708]="Ledge in the MASONRY FLUE which prevents downdrafts and moisture from entering the FIREBOX.";
defArray[709]="DRYWALL finish with no visible texture.  To prevent FLASHING, the entire surface is coated with a thin surface coat.";
defArray[710]="STANDING SEAM roof in which the cap edge is snapped into place over the underlying edge to lock the edges in place and provide a water-tight seal.";
defArray[711]="Horizontal member that fills the gap between the exterior wall and the FASCIA.";
defArray[712]="Scientist who performs the necessary calculations to determine the types and sizes of FOOTINGS which must be used to ensure safe and proper support of the building by the soil.  Also called a GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER.";
defArray[713]="Course of brick with each brick set vertically with the edge, the long-narrow side, of the brick exposed.";
defArray[714]="Class of countertops made from plastic resins.  Includes CULTURED COUNTERTOPS and SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOPS.  Solid plastic materials are also used to make tub and shower surrounds.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, STONE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[715]="Countertop made from plastic resin.  Solid surface materials are also used to make tub and shower surrounds.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, STONE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[716]="A phenomenon that occurs when soot collects on a wall in a way that reveals, or \"maps,\" materials that are hidden in the wall finish such as drywall tape, the edges of drywall boards, and screws or nails.";
defArray[717]="Microwave oven which attaches to the bottom of an upper cabinet unit and may have an integrated RANGE hood.";
defArray[718]="SHEATHING material that is installed to allow air to flow between it and in and around wood shingles installed on it.  SPACED SHEATHING is used because it helps wood shingles last longer by keeping them uniformly dry.";
defArray[719]="Condition where the surface of the CONCRETE flakes off.  It can be caused by premature trowling, overworking the CONCRETE, exposure to high heat or chemicals, or water penetrating the surface and freezing.";
defArray[720]="Horizontal distance covered by a roof from one exterior wall to the exterior wall directly opposite.  On a typical roof, the SPAN can be determined by adding together the RUN from both sides of the roof.";
defArray[721]="Stair system that winds in a circular pattern around a center supporting post.  The treads in a spiral system are wedge shaped.";
defArray[722]="Location where two pieces of material are joined together.";
defArray[723]="Finish applied to DRYWALL with a sponge.";
defArray[724]="A TWO-DIMENSIONAL measurement of surface area equal to 100 square feet.";
defArray[725]="A TWO-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATION equal to the area of a square measuring one foot on each side.";
defArray[726]="A TWO-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATION equal to the area of a square measuring one yard on each side. There are 9 square feet in a square yard.";
defArray[727]="Pulling the corners of the wall so that the diagonal distance from corner to corner is equal, which means that the wall section forms a perfect rectangle.  A wall is held in this shape by LET-IN-BRACING or SHEAR PANELS.";
defArray[728]="Course of brick in which each brick is directly over the brick in the COURSE below it, making all the vertical joints form a line.";
defArray[729]="Trim material which has few flaws and is suitable for use in materials that will be stained, leaving the grain exposed.";
defArray[730]="Decorative trim which is attached to the wall or SKIRT below each stair TREAD.  See SKIRT and BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[731]="After the framer has determined the RISER height and TREAD width, he or she marks these DIMENSIONS on the framing square by attaching STAIR CLAMPS to each leg of the square.  The framing square with the STAIR CLAMPS attached is used to lay out the STRINGER.  The framer places the framing square on the STRINGER board until the clamps touch the board, then traces the square.";
defArray[732]="Reference to the installation of several COURSES of SHINGLES simultaneously with the lowest or bottom COURSE extending further than the next COURSE up and so forth.  The result is a zig-zag or stair step outline.";
defArray[733]="Standard BASEBOARD is usually 2 1/4\" or 3 1/4\" high.  Standard CASING is usually 2 1/4\" wide.";
defArray[734]="A cabinet hinge which is attached to the door on one side and to the CABINET STILE on the other side.  STANDARD CABINET DOOR HINGES usually cannot be adjusted once they are installed.  See EUROPEAN STYLE CABINET DOOR HINGE.";
defArray[735]="Metal roof seam made by turning the long edges of the panels up and then over.  The three common types of STANDING SEAMS are rolled type, snap type, and BATTEN type.";
defArray[736]="First row of SHINGLES laid at the EAVE line.  The STARTER COURSE for COMPOSITION SHINGLES usually consists of SHINGLES that are installed wrong side down or is made from rolled STARTER STRIP material.  The STARTER COURSE for wood shingles or shakes is usually made by sawing two to three inches off the length and installing the wood shingles or shakes right side down.  The first course of wood shingles or shakes completely overlaps the STARTER COURSE.  The STARTER COURSE for tiles is also the first course.  Tiles are lifted, or \"boosted,\" at the front edge of the tile with a FURRING STRIP, BIRD STOP, or BOOSTER TILE.";
defArray[737]="First row or COURSE of material, especially in reference to roofing and SIDING.  The STARTER STRIP of SIDING may be made from metal, wood, or a similar product and is installed under the bottom COURSE.";
defArray[738]="Two common types are the wide flange STEEL BEAMS that look like the letter \"H\" laid sideways and the I beams that look like the capital letter \"I.\"";
defArray[739]="Short, L-shaped metal FLASHING often installed at the intersection of a wall or chimney and a sloped roof.";
defArray[740]="A single piece of dimensional lumber.";
defArray[741]="A vertical member on the cabinet FACE FRAME.  See RAIL.";
defArray[742]="Countertop made from stone such as granite or marble.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[743]="Member which forms the horizontal shelf at the bottom of the window.";
defArray[744]="Additional window unit, complete with a WINDOW PANE installed in a WINDOW SASH, installed over the original window unit to provide an extra layer of glass insulation.";
defArray[745]="Pole with lines on its surface that mark the height for each row of brick being laid.";
defArray[746]="A carpet seam that is made by seaming two pieces of carpet that have been cut in a straight line.  See SERPENTINE SEAM.";
defArray[747]="Installation where wood strips are installed in straight rows which are usually parallel to at least one of the walls.  See DIAGONAL WOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION and HERRINGBONE WOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION.";
defArray[748]="Part of a stair that is under the TREADS and RISERS to support them.  There are at least two and usually three stringers for each stair.";
defArray[749]="Wood floor that contains wood strips that are under 3-1/4\" wide.   See PLANK FLOORING, PARQUET FLOORING, and PLUG-AND-PLANK FLOORING.";
defArray[750]="Wallpaper with a face that easily strips from the backing.  Also called peelable wallpaper.";
defArray[751]="Damage that affects the ability of a part or parts to hold and carry parts of the structure it was designed to hold and carry.  Also see COSMETIC DAMAGE.";
defArray[752]="Person trained to determine the material type, grade, size and placement requirements for safe construction of the STRUCTURAL PARTS used in a building.";
defArray[753]="Part of a building that is essential in supporting a load or keeping the structure intact.  A STRUCTURAL PART cannot be removed without weakening the structure.";
defArray[754]="Member positioned between two other members to keep them a specific distance apart, giving them added strength.";
defArray[755]="Term used to describe leaving the end of a part exposed for easy connection later in the construction process.  REBAR may be STUBBED OUT of the footing for connection to the FOUNDATION CONCRETE, or a short section of sewer line may be STUBBED OUT from the septic tank or main sewer line for easy connection to the sewer lateral later in the construction process.";
defArray[756]="Hard, concrete-like surface used as an exterior finish.";
defArray[757]="Wall covering on which SYNTHETIC STUCCO is installed.  Common materials used are foam board and exterior grade gypsum board.";
defArray[758]="Tool which uses gunpowder contained in a cartridge to drive a nail into a hard surface like steel or CONCRETE.";
defArray[759]="Vertical members in walls, usually placed 16\\\" or 24\\\" ON CENTER, that give the wall much of its strength.";
defArray[760]="Contractor who specializes in performing a specific building trade such as drywall, masonry, or painting.  A SUBCONTRACTOR will often enter into a subcontract with a GENERAL CONTRACTOR to perform specific work in the construction for an agreed upon price.";
defArray[761]="Surface or support onto which a finish surface is placed.";
defArray[762]="The sixth of the six points of estimation, SUPPORTING EVENTS is where the estimator includes work that must be done on undamaged items that is required in order to fix damaged items.  For example, if a countertop must be replaced, an undamaged sink must be detached and stored until the countertop has been replaced, then reset.  Because it was not damaged, detaching and resetting the sink is a SUPPORTING EVENT to the countertop replacement.";
defArray[763]="Lumber DRYING process where lumber is allowed to remain exposed to the air long enough to allow it to lose its excess moisture.  Lumber dried in this way is marked with an S-Dry stamp.";
defArray[764]="Medicine cabinet which is attached to the surface of the wall.   See RECESS-MOUNT MEDICINE CABINET.";
defArray[765]="Name of the process when ROUGH CUT lumber is planed down to make the surfaces smooth.  Sharp knives are run over the surface of the lumber, cutting away 1/4\" of the board.  When lumber is surfaced on two sides, it is called S-2-S, and when it is surfaced on all four sides, it is called S-4-S.  Framing lumber is generally S-4-S.  The resulting DIMENSIONS of the board are called NOMINAL DIMENSIONS.";
defArray[766]="Non-structural ceiling which is suspended from the structural ceiling with wires.";
defArray[767]="Found on PLANS, symbols are used to represent common objects such as doors and light switches.";
defArray[768]="A carpet pad made from man-made felt which is highly resistant to tearing.  See WAFFLE TYPE SPONGE RUBBER PAD, REBOND PAD, AND HIGH DENSITY URETHANE FOAM PAD.";
defArray[769]="STUCCO that comes pre-mixed by the manufacturer.  It is usually applied in two coats which are much thinner than common stucco.  It is applied on STUCCO SHEATHING.";
defArray[770]="Valve that releases water pressure when temperature and pressure exceed a preset limit.";
defArray[771]="Most common type of INTERLOCKING SHINGLE.  Produces a basket-weave pattern by sliding the lower edge of the SHINGLE into slots at the top of the downhill SHINGLES.";
defArray[772]="Sheets of wood SIDING, textured with a series of evenly spaced vertical grooves.";
defArray[773]="Common type of COMPOSITION SHINGLE.  A TABBED SHINGLE has from two to six tabs, but three is the most common number of tabs.  TABBED SHINGLES may have an imprinted texture on their surface.";
defArray[774]="Soft mineral used to finish areas of COMPOSITION SHINGLES that will not be exposed on the finish roof like the top of the SHINGLE and the backside.";
defArray[775]="The process of pressing PLASTIC material into a confined space using a bar or rod so that it compacts the material, removes air pockets, and causes it to mold completely to the shape of the space into which it is being pressed.  TAMPING CONCRETE, which is also called RODDING (because a rod is often used to do the tamping), causes the CONCRETE to flow around REBAR and under and around WINDOW BUCKS while removing the air pockets which cause HONEYCOMBING.";
defArray[776]="SIDING with one edge much wider than the other.  The thicker edge may have a groove or RABBET cut out of it so that it fits snugly over the thin edge of the COURSE of SIDING directly below it.";
defArray[777]="Wood shake that is resawn on both faces.";
defArray[778]="The fifth of the six points of estimation, TECHNIQUE is where the estimator decides how a damaged item will be restored to its original condition.  For example, TECHNIQUE is where an estimator decides whether an item should be repaired, replaced, cleaned, or painted.";
defArray[779]="Tape made from Teflon that is wrapped around threads and helps to seal threaded pipe joints.";
defArray[780]="Ceiling tiles with recessed edges that allow the tile to hang below the ceiling grid.";
defArray[781]="Glass that is heated and then rapidly cooled, a process which makes it two to four times stronger than ordinary glass.  TEMPERED GLASS must be used on tub or shower doors.";
defArray[782]="Pulling or stretching force.  Opposite of COMPRESSION.";
defArray[783]="Inorganic material placed between the CONCRETE FOUNDATION and the lowest wood framing member.  Shaped with downward sloping edges, it deters the entry of non-flying termites by forcing them to crawl over backwards to scale its edge.";
defArray[784]="Material used to make metal roofing panels.  Made from steel mixed with two percent copper.";
defArray[785]="Type of stone flooring made from marble or other stone chips that are mixed in Portland CEMENT, poured in place, allowed to dry, and then polished.";
defArray[786]="Insulating layer located between the inside and outside parts of an aluminum window frame to block the flow of heat through the window frame.";
defArray[787]="WINDOW PANE with two sheets of glass and a spacer between them.  Most common residential pane unit.  See also SINGLE PANE and TRIPLE PANE.";
defArray[788]="Automatic temperature device that turns on at one temperature and turns off at another.";
defArray[789]="Tile which are attached directly to a SUBSTRATE such as drywall. See ISOLATION MEMBRANE.";
defArray[790]="A process by which the number of three-dimensional units (e.g. cubic yards) is determined for a given structural part. Three-dimensional units of measure include all those that are measured in three directions (e.g. length, width, and height). Three-dimensional units of measure deal with volume. Examples are cubic feet, cubic yards and board feet.";
defArray[791]="Electrical switches used to control the same fixture from two different locations, such as two ends of a hall.";
defArray[792]="Horizontal piece at the bottom of the door opening.  When the door is closed, the THRESHOLD fills the gap between the bottom of the door and the floor.";
defArray[793]="Area at the top of the FIREBOX between the face of the smoke shield and the top of the FLUE.";
defArray[794]="Specialty tile trim piece installed on a wall that covers the corner of a floor and the wall. See CAP MOLD PIECE, COVE PIECE, and DOUBLE BULLNOSE.";
defArray[795]="Countertop made from tiles that are glued to a SUBSTRATE.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, and STONE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[796]="Construction slang for a lighter-gauge metal stud.";
defArray[797]="Bottom portion of a lower cabinet unit that is recessed to reduce damage from shoes and to hide marring that occurs as shoes hit against the finished material.";
defArray[798]="Nailing through one framing member at an angle into another framing member.  TOE-NAILING is usually done to connect framing members that intersect at right angles and should have half of the nail in each member.";
defArray[799]="Unit of measure.  In weight it is equal to 2,000 pounds.  In cooling, it the amount of cooling an air conditioning unit provides.  One TON is equal to 12,000 BTUs. An air conditioning unit in a typical home provides three to five TONS of cooling.";
defArray[800]="Type of edge often found on materials to be used for SHEATHING, each panel has one long edge with a tongue and the other long edge with a corresponding groove.  The tongue of one sheet will fit into the groove of the next sheet to form a seam or joint.  This produces a much stronger joint than placing two square edges together.";
defArray[801]="Marks left in material by the knives used to create the shape such as those in a SHAPER or molder.";
defArray[802]="MORTAR joint between courses of brick in which the mason removes the excess MORTAR so that it is flush with the face of the brick.  A tool is then used to shape the MORTAR.";
defArray[803]="Process of removing unwanted material from a finish carpentry joint through the use of a chisel, RASP or other sharp instrument.";
defArray[804]="Upper or top member of a TRUSS.";
defArray[805]="FLAT TRUSSES that are hung from their TOP CHORD.";
defArray[806]="Top handrail used on a BALUSTRADE.  The tops of BALUSTERS are attached into the underside of the top rail.  See BALUSTRADE and BREAD LOAF TOP RAIL.";
defArray[807]="A type of DRYWALL mud.  TOPPING MUD is used for final coats and contains less adhesive chemicals than does ALL PURPOSE MUD.";
defArray[808]="Installation method in which roofing materials are heated with a torch until the material liquifies and forms a bond between layers, OVERLAPPING SEAMS, or FLASHING.  On MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOF SYSTEMS, a method whereby APP type MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOFING is adhered to the BASE SHEET.";
defArray[809]="Electrical device that converts the high voltage in power lines into a lower voltage that may be used by homes and businesses.";
defArray[810]="A four-sided shape with only two parallel sides. Usually the parallel sides are the top and base.";
defArray[811]="Two LEADS that are connected between THREE-WAY SWITCHES which allow power to a fixture to be switched on or off from either switch.";
defArray[812]="Part of a stair that supports your weight as you walk up it.  A TREAD is also called a step.";
defArray[813]="A three-sided shape. When one of the angles is a right angle, equal to 90 degrees, it is called a RIGHT TRIANGLE.";
defArray[814]="Framing member that is cut to fit between the bottom PLATE and the HEADER.  It actually holds up the HEADER and transfers the weight that it supports to the bottom PLATE.  The TRIMMER is held in place by the KING STUD.";
defArray[815]="Type of ROUTER bit that contains a roller which guides the blades along a straight edge.";
defArray[816]="WINDOW PANE using three sheets of glass for extra insulation.  See also SINGLE PANE and THERMAL PANE.";
defArray[817]="Tool with a flat surface used to finish the CONCRETE surface.  Usually the last tool used to smooth the CONCRETE surface.  Its use must be timed carefully.  Should be used after the CONCRETE has lost its WEEP MOISTURE but before it loses all of its PLASTICITY.";
defArray[818]="Exterior concrete FINISH which is created by skilled craftsmen when the concrete is ready to be TROWELED.";
defArray[819]="Structural part used to provide the primary support for the floor or roof SHEATHING.  A roof truss system, including the trusses, sheathing, bracing and fasteners, also provides support for the tops of the exterior bearing walls.";
defArray[820]="Cylindrical tube made from compressed and resin impregnated paper and used to hold wet CONCRETE until it cures.  Also known by trade names such as Sonotube, Sleek Tube, and Smooth Tube.";
defArray[821]="Method of installing carpet on a stair in which the carpet is wrapped around the nose of the TREAD, attached to the RISER, and then secured to the inside edge of the TREAD below.  See WATERFALL CARPET INSTALLATION METHOD.";
defArray[822]="Vent that creates a vacuum in the attic by turning as the warm air escapes, thereby pulling out more air.";
defArray[823]="Specialty WATER CLOSET that uses the water pressure from the plumbing lines to force water into the bowl.  The TURBO TOILET uses less water than most other types of WATER CLOSETS.  See LOW-PROFILE WATER CLOSET and WATER CLOSET.";
defArray[824]="Vent positioned several feet below the RIDGE.  TURTLE VENTS have no moving parts; air is vented through them because it rises as it heats.";
defArray[825]="A process by which the number of two-dimensional units (e.g. square feet) is determined for a given structural part. Two-dimensional units of measure include all those that are measured in two directions. Determining the area of a surface which is measured in two-dimensional units such as square yards or square feet, is a typical TWO-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATION.";
defArray[826]="DRYWALL with a gypsum core which contains reinforcing fibers for added fire protection.";
defArray[827]="Block which looks the same as a standard block from the front or back, but whose cells are open on the top so that GROUT can flow outward to the other block on each side.  The U-BLOCK provides for placement of horizontal REINFORCING STEEL and GROUT to form a BOND BEAM within the course (i.e. layer) where it is used.";
defArray[828]="Type of GROUND where the GROUND WIRE is connected to the REBAR system inside a FOOTING and FOUNDATION system.  Name after Thomas Ufer, the first person to specify it.";
defArray[829]="Heating, plumbing, electrical or other utilities that are placed under the floor slab.  They are generally placed in trenches that are then covered with COMPACTIBLE FILL before the CONCRETE floor slab is poured.";
defArray[830]="SHINGLES made from low-quality wood with SAPWOOD, flat grain, and possibly loose knots.  Usually used under higher-quality SHINGLES since it will not waterproof a roof.";
defArray[831]="Material that is installed over the SUBSTRATE.  Vinyl floor covering is attached to the UNDERLAYMENT.  See PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT, PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, LAUAN PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT, GYPSUM-BASED UNDERLAYMENT, and UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[832]="Strips of VENEER placed according to the veneerer's judgment of how the strips look together or with no regard to graining or pattern.  Also called pleasing matched VENEER.   See VENEER, WHOLE PIECE VENEER, BOOK MATCHED VENEER, and SLIP MATCHED VENEER.";
defArray[833]="An underlayment made from hardboard.  Only UNTEMPERED HARDBOARD should be usedas vinyl underlayment. See UNDERLAYMENT, PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT, PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, LAUAN PLYWOOD UNDERLAYMENT, CEMENT BOARD UNDERLAYMENT, and GYPSUM-BASED UNDERLAYMENT.";
defArray[834]="Furnace which forces air up and out the top of it.";
defArray[835]="Any cabinet unit that is designed to hang on the wall, usually above a LOWER UNIT or appliance.  See LOWER UNIT, VANITY CABINET, and FULL HEIGHT CABINET.";
defArray[836]="Any section of wall along which a piece of furniture or an appliance may be placed.  Hallways are generally not considered USABLE WALL SPACE.";
defArray[837]="Inside intersection created at the joint of two roof planes.  It looks like a trough and channels water.";
defArray[838]="FLASHING that lines the VALLEY of a ROOF SYSTEM.  VALLEY FLASHING may be completely covered with SHINGLES or left partially exposed.";
defArray[839]="Type of JACK RAFTER that runs from the VALLEY RAFTER to the RIDGE BOARD.";
defArray[840]="RAFTER that runs along the VALLEY, forming the VALLEY line.";
defArray[841]="Type of LOWER UNIT cabinet that is designed to hold a bathroom sink.  A standard VANITY CABINET is slightly shorter than a standard LOWER UNIT.  See LOWER UNIT, UPPER UNIT, and FULL HEIGHT CABINET.";
defArray[842]="Layer of material placed on the exterior of the structure to prevent moisture from penetrating the surface of the structure.";
defArray[843]="Thin layer used as a covering to improve the appearance and durability of the product.  Brick and stone can be used as VENEERS to cover the exterior of a structure.  Wood may also be used as a VENEER to cover non-wood surfaces.  VENEERS are generally NON-STRUCTURAL PARTS.";
defArray[844]="A thin surface layer, usually wood, which is glued to a base made from less expensive materials such as medium density fiberboard (MDF) or PLYWOOD.  See WHOLE PIECE VENEER, BOOK MATCHED VENEER, SLIP MATCHED VENEER, and UNMATCHED VENEER.";
defArray[845]="Technique that involves the use of a mechanical device to shake CONCRETE so that it settles tightly around the REBAR and WINDOW BUCKS and removes the large air pockets which otherwise cause HONEYCOMBING.  VIBRATION causes the concrete to settle tightly and smoothly against the forms.";
defArray[846]="A specific way of looking at a building. There are five basic views on a plan \u2014\ ELEVATION, FLOOR PLAN, PLOT PLAN, SECTION, and DETAIL.";
defArray[847]="Vinyl which wraps a short distance up the wall.";
defArray[848]="Type of wall covering with a vinyl face.";
defArray[849]="A decorative, circular handrail piece used at the bottom of a stair TOP RAIL that is installed over a NEWEL POST.  See TOP RAIL, GOOSE NECK, ONE-QUARTER TURN, and BALUSTRADE.";
defArray[850]="Type of wood product used for SHEATHING.  It is produced by gluing large wood chips, or \"wafers,\" together that are at least 2\" by 2\".";
defArray[851]="A sponge rubber pad which has been shaped to a pattern of alternating bumps and dimples.  See SYNTHETIC FELT PAD, REBOND PAD, AND HIGH DENSITY URETHANE FOAM PAD.";
defArray[852]="A section of wall covering material which starts at the bottom of the wall, then proceeds upward until it is interrupted by a visible border such as CHAIR RAIL.";
defArray[853]="Horizontal bracing, usually 2 x 4s, secured to CONCRETE wall forms to stiffen them so they can be more easily straightened.  After attaching the WALERS, the straightening is accomplished by placing a string parallel to the wall form, then moving the form into alignment with the string, and attaching bracing to hold the wall in position.  The WALERS help hold the areas between the bracing in the straightened position.";
defArray[854]="Used at the intersection of two walls to provide a backing for the end STUD of the connecting wall.  The two types of WALL TIES are corner ties and wall channels.";
defArray[855]="Material that must be purchased but cannot be used. WASTE can result from trimming, rejection because of defect or other efforts to maintain acceptable quality of the structural part containing that material. A percent of WASTE should be included in virtually all material calculations.";
defArray[856]="Plumbing fixture which flushes waste to a waste pipe.  A WATER CLOSET is also referred to as a toilet.  See LOW-PROFILE WATER CLOSET and TURBO TOILET.";
defArray[857]="Device which removes minerals from water.";
defArray[858]="Upper surface of GROUNDWATER.";
defArray[859]="Method of installing carpet on a stair in which the carpet overlaps the edge of the TREAD and falls in a straight line to the inside edge of the TREAD below.  See TUCK CARPET INSTALLATION METHOD.";
defArray[860]="Process of coating the part of the FOUNDATION system that will be below the soil level with a material that can withstand long-term exposure to water.  Not the same as DAMPPROOFING, which can only withstand short-term exposure to water.";
defArray[861]="The top layer of material typically found in vinyl floor covering. See PATTERN LAYER and BACKING LAYER.";
defArray[862]="Device that prevents moisture from entering into the top of the CONDUIT.";
defArray[863]="Diagonal supporting members running between the TOP and BOTTOM CHORDS of a TRUSS.";
defArray[864]="Small openings in a MASONRY wall that allow water to drain through the MASONRY to the outside of the foundation wall.  WEEP HOLES may be filled with a fibrous material that allows water to drain out and prevents insects from entering.";
defArray[865]="Excess water contained in the CONCRETE mix which is not needed for HYDRATION.  It escapes through all the surfaces of the CONCRETE as the mixture settles and forces it out.";
defArray[866]="MORTAR between courses of brick that has not been TROWELED or otherwise smoothed after pressing the brick in place.";
defArray[867]="Grid of heavy GAUGE wires welded together and used to reinforce CONCRETE slabs.  Also known as re-mesh or wire mesh.";
defArray[868]="Roof tile installation method used on roofs with less than a 7/12 SLOPE and usually over a mineral-faced HOT-MOPPED underlayment.   MORTAR is used to hold the tiles in place.  The tile is wet before installation so that the MORTAR will better BOND to it.  Most commonly used in the southeastern United States where high winds and high moisture combine.  Also referred to as mortar-set method or mud-on method.";
defArray[869]="A piece of VENEER that is large enough to cover an entire surface. See VENEER, BOOK MATCHED VENEER, SLIP MATCHED VENEER, and UNMATCHED VENEER.";
defArray[870]="Metal fastener inserted in the nail hole of a tile SHINGLE and designed to overlap the lip of the next higher tile, providing additional means of holding it in place. Also called tile locks.";
defArray[871]="Special form for the basement window opening placed between the FOUNDATION wall forms to produce the window opening. Once the poured concrete is in place and has lost its PLASTICITY, the WINDOW BUCK is removed, leaving a properly sized and shaped opening for the window unit.";
defArray[872]="Part of the window unit that serves as the FLASHING when SIDING is installed over it.";
defArray[873]="Glass part of a window unit.  Each LIGHT in a window unit has a WINDOW PANE.";
defArray[874]="Frame that holds the WINDOW PANE.";
defArray[875]="Bottom horizontal member of the window frame.";
defArray[876]="Horizontal or vertical piece that prevents the window from falling out of the window frame.  The WINDOW STOP also forms the groove in which the window slides across the surface of the JAMB.";
defArray[877]="Unit of measure used to indicate wire size.  The thicker the wire, the smaller the GAUGE number. Also see AMERICAN STANDARD GAUGE.";
defArray[878]="Connector that cinches down on the ends of bare wire.  The cinching action causes the wire to press together, making a good connection.";
defArray[879]="Metal reinforcing mesh placed inside the MORTAR joints along specified courses or rows of BLOCK to tie and reinforce the BLOCK.  Like the BOND BEAM, courses containing WIRE REINFORCEMENT within the MORTAR joint tie and reinforce the masonry wall  horizontally.  A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER specifies which courses should contain the WIRE REINFORCEMENT.";
defArray[880]="Countertop made from solid blocks of wood glued together.  Although once common, WOOD BLOCK COUNTERTOPS are no longer popular because of their tendency to harbor germs.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP, SOLID SURFACE COUNTERTOP, SOLID PLASTIC COUNTERTOP, CULTURED COUNTERTOP, CULTURED MARBLE COUNTERTOP, STONE COUNTERTOP, and TILE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[881]="Edge on a countertop which is made by trimming the square front corner with a decorative strip of wood.  See PLASTIC LAMINATE COUNTERTOP.";
defArray[882]="Roof constructed from wood SHINGLES that are sawn out of logs and are about 3/8\" thick.  Grades of wood SHINGLES are BLUE LABEL, RED LABEL, BLACK LABEL, and UNDERCOURSING.";
defArray[883]="A carpet made with natural wool fibers. See NYLON CARPET, BERBER CARPET, INDOOR-OUTDOOR CARPET, SCULPTURED CARPET, and SHAG CARPET.";
defArray[884]="Single, vertical MASONRY wall one unit thick.  A double WYTHE wall is two units thick.";
defArray[885]="Z-shaped FLASHING placed so that its top is under the upper sheet and its bottom is over the lower sheet.  Installed to prevent water from leaking into the structure.";
defArray[886]="Another term for FACTORY BUILT FIREPLACE that is not used in this course because the term is misleading.  Zero clearance indicates that combustible materials can touch the assembly, when in reality, no combustible materials should ever touch a FACTORY BUILT FIREPLACE.";